Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Answers for Anatomy
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Answers for Anatomy and Physiology.
1. What is the basic unit of life in the human body?
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) System
Answer: C) Cell
2. Which of the following is a primary function of the skeletal system?
A) Hormone production
B) Blood cell production
C) Digestion
D) Respiration
Answer: B) Blood cell production
3. The axial skeleton consists of:
A) Limbs and girdles
B) Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
C) Bones of the hands and feet
D) All of the above
Answer: B) Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
4. What term describes the process of bone formation?
A) Osteomalacia
B) Osteogenesis
C) Osteoporosis
D) Osteopenia
Answer: B) Osteogenesis
5. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Answer: C) Ball-and-socket joint
6. The primary function of the integumentary system is:
A) Protection
B) Digestion
C) Circulation
D) Respiration
Answer: A) Protection
7. Which structure is responsible for the production of red blood cells?
A) Liver
B) Bone marrow
C) Spleen
D) Kidney
Answer: B) Bone marrow
8. The term ‘medial’ refers to a position that is:
A) Closer to the midline of the body
B) Further from the midline of the body
C) Towards the feet
D) Towards the head
Answer: A) Closer to the midline of the body
9. Which system includes the heart and blood vessels?
A) Nervous system
B) Cardiovascular system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Endocrine system
Answer: B) Cardiovascular system
10. The functional unit of the kidney is called:
A) Nephron
B) Alveolus
C) Glomerulus
D) Neuron
Answer: A) Nephron
11. Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?
A) Adipose
B) Blood
C) Epithelial
D) Bone
Answer: C) Epithelial
12. Which body cavity houses the heart and lungs?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Pelvic cavity
C) Thoracic cavity
D) Cranial cavity
Answer: C) Thoracic cavity
13. The term ‘superior’ indicates a position that is:
A) Above another structure
B) Below another structure
C) Closer to the surface
D) Further from the surface
Answer: A) Above another structure
14. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Transport oxygen
B) Remove waste products
C) Defend against infection
D) Produce hormones
Answer: C) Defend against infection
15. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
A) Humerus
B) Femur
C) Vertebrae
D) Radius
Answer: C) Vertebrae
16. The largest organ in the body is:
A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Skin
D) Lungs
Answer: C) Skin
17. The process of inhaling and exhaling air is known as:
A) Circulation
B) Respiration
C) Digestion
D) Excretion
Answer: B) Respiration
18. Which hormone is primarily produced by the pancreas?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Adrenaline
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A) Insulin
19. Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?
A) Cornea
B) Iris
C) Lens
D) Sclera
Answer: C) Lens
20. The primary component of the central nervous system is:
A) Nerves
B) Spinal cord
C) Brain
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
21. Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) Striated muscle
Answer: C) Smooth muscle
22. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Heart
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Liver
23. The term ‘posterior’ refers to a position that is:
A) At the front of the body
B) At the back of the body
C) On the side of the body
D) Above another structure
Answer: B) At the back of the body
24. The primary purpose of the respiratory system is to:
A) Circulate blood
B) Provide oxygen to the body
C) Digest food
D) Filter waste products
Answer: B) Provide oxygen to the body
25. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
A) Skull
B) Ribs
C) Pelvis
D) Vertebrae
Answer: C) Pelvis
26. The primary function of the kidneys is to:
A) Produce hormones
B) Filter blood and produce urine
C) Regulate body temperature
D) Store bile
Answer: B) Filter blood and produce urine
27. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Cerebellum
28. What is the main purpose of the integumentary system?
A) Produce blood cells
B) Protect the body from external damage
C) Facilitate movement
D) Regulate temperature
Answer: B) Protect the body from external damage
29. The process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy in cells is known as:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Digestion
D) Metabolism
Answer: B) Respiration
30. Which body structure helps regulate body temperature?
A) Skin
B) Lungs
C) Heart
D) Liver
Answer: A) Skin
31. Which type of tissue connects muscles to bones?
A) Epithelial
B) Cartilage
C) Nervous
D) Connective
Answer: D) Connective
32. The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs is:
A) Bronchi
B) Alveoli
C) Trachea
D) Pleura
Answer: B) Alveoli
33. Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Soma
D) Synapse
Answer: B) Dendrite
34. The vertebral column is composed of how many individual vertebrae?
A) 24
B) 26
C) 30
D) 32
Answer: A) 24
35. Which of the following bones is classified as a long bone?
A) Scapula
B) Rib
C) Humerus
D) Patella
Answer: C) Humerus
36. The major function of red blood cells is to:
A) Fight infection
B) Clot blood
C) Carry oxygen
D) Regulate body temperature
Answer: C) Carry oxygen
37. Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
A) Thyroid
B) Adrenal
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas
Answer: C) Pituitary
38. The smallest functional unit of a muscle is called:
A) Myofibril
B) Sarcomere
C) Muscle fiber
D) Tendon
Answer: B) Sarcomere
39. The hip joint is classified as a:
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Answer: C) Ball-and-socket joint
40. Which structure in the ear is responsible for balance?
A) Cochlea
B) Auditory canal
C) Semicircular canals
D) Eustachian tube
Answer: C) Semicircular canals
41. The human skeleton is divided into how many regions?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
Answer: B) Three
42. What type of joint is the knee?
A) Hinge joint
B) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Pivot joint
D) Fibrous joint
Answer: A) Hinge joint
43. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
A) Bile production
B) Blood filtration
C) Hormone secretion
D) Gas exchange
Answer: D) Gas exchange
44. The term ‘lateral’ refers to a position that is:
A) Closer to the midline
B) Further from the midline
C) Above another structure
D) Below another structure
Answer: B) Further from the midline
45. Which muscle type is under involuntary control?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
46. The heart’s right atrium receives blood from which of the following?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Superior and inferior vena cava
D) Coronary arteries
Answer: C) Superior and inferior vena cava
47. Which structure protects the brain and spinal cord?
A) Meninges
B) Ligaments
C) Cartilage
D) Tendons
Answer: A) Meninges
48. The primary function of the respiratory system is to:
A) Circulate blood
B) Regulate temperature
C) Provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
D) Digest food
Answer: C) Provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
49. What structure is responsible for filtering and removing waste from the blood?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Spleen
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Kidney
50. The structure of the skin consists of which two primary layers?
A) Epidermis and dermis
B) Epidermis and hypodermis
C) Dermis and subcutaneous tissue
D) Dermis and epidermis
Answer: A) Epidermis and dermis
51. Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
Answer: C) Cerebrum
52. Which organ is responsible for the production of insulin?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Gallbladder
D) Kidney
Answer: B) Pancreas
53. Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body?
A) Liver
B) Skin
C) Heart
D) Lungs
Answer: B) Skin
54. The term ‘proximal’ refers to a position that is:
A) Closer to the trunk of the body
B) Further from the trunk of the body
C) Above another structure
D) Below another structure
Answer: A) Closer to the trunk of the body
55. The primary function of bile is to:
A) Digest carbohydrates
B) Emulsify fats
C) Absorb proteins
D) Neutralize stomach acid
Answer: B) Emulsify fats
56. Which of the following structures is involved in the regulation of body temperature?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Medulla
D) Cerebellum
Answer: A) Hypothalamus
57. Which nutrient is primarily responsible for providing energy to the body?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
Answer: C) Carbohydrates
58. The function of the spleen is to:
A) Filter blood and produce lymphocytes
B) Produce bile
C) Store glucose
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: A) Filter blood and produce lymphocytes
59. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
A) Optic nerve (II)
B) Oculomotor nerve (III)
C) Trochlear nerve (IV)
D) Abducens nerve (VI)
Answer: A) Optic nerve (II)
60. What is the name of the muscle responsible for breathing?
A) Diaphragm
B) Intercostals
C) Rectus abdominis
D) Pectoralis major
Answer: A) Diaphragm
61. The structure that connects muscles to bones is known as a:
A) Ligament
B) Tendon
C) Cartilage
D) Joint
Answer: B) Tendon
62. The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment is called:
A) Homeostasis
B) Metabolism
C) Diffusion
D) Respiration
Answer: A) Homeostasis
63. The main function of the small intestine is:
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Digestion of proteins
C) Storage of bile
D) Production of hormones
Answer: A) Absorption of nutrients
64. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and helps regulate metabolism?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroxine
D) Adrenaline
Answer: B) Cortisol
65. Which bone is commonly referred to as the collarbone?
A) Clavicle
B) Scapula
C) Sternum
D) Humerus
Answer: A) Clavicle
66. Which of the following muscles is responsible for flexing the elbow?
A) Biceps brachii
B) Triceps brachii
C) Deltoid
D) Pectoralis major
Answer: A) Biceps brachii
67. The part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements is the:
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Limbic system
Answer: B) Cerebellum
68. The term ‘distal’ refers to a position that is:
A) Closer to the point of attachment
B) Further from the point of attachment
C) Above another structure
D) Below another structure
Answer: B) Further from the point of attachment
69. Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen?
A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Platelets
Answer: B) Red blood cells
70. Which organ is responsible for detoxifying substances in the blood?
A) Kidney
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Pancreas
Answer: C) Liver
71. The muscle tissue that is striated and voluntary is:
A) Cardiac muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Skeletal muscle
D) All muscle types
Answer: C) Skeletal muscle
72. The primary function of the large intestine is to:
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Digest food
C) Absorb water and electrolytes
D) Produce bile
Answer: C) Absorb water and electrolytes
73. The primary site of hormone production and release in the endocrine system is:
A) Kidneys
B) Pancreas
C) Glands
D) Liver
Answer: C) Glands
74. Which part of the neuron transmits signals away from the cell body?
A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Synapse
D) Soma
Answer: B) Axon
75. Which of the following bones forms the lower jaw?
A) Maxilla
B) Mandible
C) Zygomatic
D) Nasal
Answer: B) Mandible
76. The structure that covers the ends of bones at a joint is called:
A) Ligament
B) Cartilage
C) Synovial membrane
D) Bursa
Answer: B) Cartilage
77. The largest part of the human brain is the:
A) Cerebellum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebrum
D) Diencephalon
Answer: C) Cerebrum
78. Which of the following is a function of the spleen?
A) Producing insulin
B) Filtering blood and recycling iron
C) Storing bile
D) Producing hormones
Answer: B) Filtering blood and recycling iron
79. The term ‘anterior’ refers to a position that is:
A) Toward the front of the body
B) Toward the back of the body
C) Above another structure
D) Below another structure
Answer: A) Toward the front of the body
80. The structure in the eye responsible for color vision is the:
A) Rods
B) Cones
C) Retina
D) Cornea
Answer: B) Cones
81. Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?
A) Circulating blood
B) Gas exchange
C) Hormone regulation
D) Nutrient absorption
Answer: B) Gas exchange
82. The primary role of the gallbladder is to:
A) Store bile
B) Produce bile
C) Absorb fats
D) Filter blood
Answer: A) Store bile
83. The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is the:
A) Intercostal muscle
B) Diaphragm
C) Rectus abdominis
D) Pectoralis major
Answer: B) Diaphragm
84. Which condition results from an underactive thyroid gland?
A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Cushing’s syndrome
D) Addison’s disease
Answer: B) Hypothyroidism
85. The primary function of the integumentary system is:
A) Protection
B) Digestion
C) Circulation
D) Reproduction
Answer: A) Protection
86. The bony structure that forms the forehead is called the:
A) Maxilla
B) Frontal bone
C) Nasal bone
D) Zygomatic bone
Answer: B) Frontal bone
87. Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?
A) Brain
B) Spinal cord
C) Peripheral nerves
D) Both A and B
Answer: C) Peripheral nerves
88. The primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system is the:
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Small intestine
89. Which component of the blood helps in clotting?
A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Platelets
Answer: D) Platelets
90. The term ‘ventral’ refers to:
A) The back side of the body
B) The front side of the body
C) The upper side of the body
D) The lower side of the body
Answer: B) The front side of the body
Contents
91. Which type of connective tissue stores fat in the body?
A) Adipose tissue
B) Cartilage
C) Bone
D) Blood
Answer: A) Adipose tissue
92. The major artery that supplies blood to the head and neck is the:
A) Carotid artery
B) Subclavian artery
C) Aorta
D) Femoral artery
Answer: A) Carotid artery
93. The skin is composed of two main layers. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Subcutaneous layer
Answer: C) Hypodermis
94. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: C) Cerebellum
95. The primary function of the gallbladder is to:
A) Store bile
B) Produce bile
C) Digest proteins
D) Absorb fats
Answer: A) Store bile
96. Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroxine
D) Adrenaline
Answer: C) Thyroxine
97. The appendicular skeleton includes:
A) Skull and vertebrae
B) Ribs and sternum
C) Limbs and pelvic girdle
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Limbs and pelvic girdle
98. Which structure is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?
A) Ureter
B) Kidney
C) Bladder
D) Urethra
Answer: B) Kidney
99. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for water absorption?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Large intestine
100. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is called a:
A) Neuron
B) Glia
C) Synapse
D) Neurotransmitter
Answer: A) Neuron
101. The primary purpose of the rib cage is to:
A) Protect the heart and lungs
B) Support the abdominal organs
C) Provide points for muscle attachment
D) All of the above
Answer: A) Protect the heart and lungs
102. Which structure is responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium?
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Brainstem
D) Medulla oblongata
Answer: A) Cerebellum
103. The term ‘hypotonic’ refers to a solution that has:
A) A higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution
B) A lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution
C) The same concentration of solutes as another solution
D) No solutes at all
Answer: B) A lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution
104. Which of the following best describes the function of the diaphragm?
A) Regulates blood flow
B) Facilitates breathing
C) Supports abdominal organs
D) Produces digestive enzymes
Answer: B) Facilitates breathing
105. The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus is called the:
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Soma (cell body)
D) Synapse
Answer: C) Soma (cell body)
106. The primary role of leukocytes in the blood is to:
A) Carry oxygen
B) Clot blood
C) Fight infection
D) Transport nutrients
Answer: C) Fight infection
107. The human body has how many pairs of cranial nerves?
A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16
Answer: B) 12
108. Which organ is primarily responsible for digestion and absorption?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Small intestine
109. Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle is TRUE?
A) It is involuntary.
B) It is striated and voluntary.
C) It is found in the walls of internal organs.
D) It cannot be controlled by the nervous system.
Answer: B) It is striated and voluntary.
110. The bones that form the backbone are called:
A) Thoracic vertebrae
B) Lumbar vertebrae
C) Sacral vertebrae
D) Vertebrae
Answer: D) Vertebrae
111. The body’s natural response to infection involves:
A) Immune response
B) Inflammatory response
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: C) Both A and B
112. Which structure in the eye helps to control the amount of light entering?
A) Retina
B) Iris
C) Lens
D) Cornea
Answer: B) Iris
113. The primary function of platelets in the blood is to:
A) Transport oxygen
B) Regulate blood pressure
C) Aid in clotting
D) Fight infections
Answer: C) Aid in clotting
114. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerves?
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous layer
D) Stratum corneum
Answer: B) Dermis
115. The main component of the extracellular matrix is:
A) Collagen
B) Elastin
C) Water
D) Proteins
Answer: A) Collagen
116. The term ‘ventral’ refers to:
A) The front side of the body
B) The back side of the body
C) Above another structure
D) Below another structure
Answer: A) The front side of the body
117. The body’s primary defense against pathogens is:
A) The respiratory system
B) The cardiovascular system
C) The immune system
D) The integumentary system
Answer: C) The immune system
118. Which organ is responsible for the production of bile?
A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen
Answer: B) Liver
119. Which of the following statements about the human heart is TRUE?
A) It has three chambers.
B) It pumps blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.
C) It is located in the abdomen.
D) It beats approximately 70 times per minute at rest.
Answer: B) It pumps blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.
120. The structure that protects the brain is known as the:
A) Skull
B) Cranium
C) Vertebrae
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
121. The bony structure that forms the forehead is known as the:
A) Frontal bone
B) Parietal bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Occipital bone
Answer: A) Frontal bone
122. The main function of the cerebellum is to:
A) Control heart rate
B) Regulate breathing
C) Coordinate voluntary movements
D) Process visual information
Answer: C) Coordinate voluntary movements
123. The term ‘hypoglycemia’ refers to:
A) Low blood sugar levels
B) High blood sugar levels
C) Normal blood sugar levels
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Low blood sugar levels
124. The primary site of filtration in the kidney is the:
A) Renal pelvis
B) Nephron
C) Ureter
D) Glomerulus
Answer: D) Glomerulus
125. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic life functions such as heart rate and breathing?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Limbic system
Answer: C) Brainstem
126. Which type of joint allows for rotation?
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Gliding joint
Answer: B) Pivot joint
127. The outermost layer of the skin is called the:
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Subcutaneous layer
Answer: A) Epidermis
128. Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?
A) Femur
B) Sternum
C) Humerus
D) Radius
Answer: B) Sternum
129. The condition known as “scoliosis” involves:
A) Abnormal curvature of the spine
B) Decreased bone density
C) Joint inflammation
D) Muscle weakness
Answer: A) Abnormal curvature of the spine
130. Which organ is responsible for filtering waste from the blood?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Spleen
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Kidney
131. The term ‘osteoporosis’ refers to:
A) Inflammation of the bones
B) Brittle and fragile bones
C) Bone overgrowth
D) Normal bone density
Answer: B) Brittle and fragile bones
132. The smallest unit of a living organism is a:
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) System
Answer: C) Cell
133. Which type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body?
A) Connective tissue
B) Epithelial tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Answer: D) Nervous tissue
134. The region of the brain responsible for processing sensory information is the:
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Brainstem
D) Thalamus
Answer: D) Thalamus
135. Which of the following statements about arteries is TRUE?
A) They carry blood toward the heart.
B) They carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery.
C) They have thinner walls than veins.
D) They have valves to prevent backflow.
Answer: B) They carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery.
136. Which nutrient is essential for the formation of hemoglobin?
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Vitamin D
D) Protein
Answer: B) Iron
137. The structure that connects the throat to the stomach is called the:
A) Esophagus
B) Trachea
C) Pharynx
D) Duodenum
Answer: A) Esophagus
138. Which part of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?
A) Cornea
B) Pupil
C) Lens
D) Iris
Answer: C) Lens
139. Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal glands and helps regulate stress response?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroxine
D) Growth hormone
Answer: B) Cortisol
140. The term ‘ventricles’ refers to:
A) Chambers of the heart
B) Chambers of the brain
C) Sections of the stomach
D) Structures of the lungs
Answer: A) Chambers of the heart
141. Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?
A) Production of hormones
B) Synthesis of vitamin D
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
142. The term ‘anemia’ refers to:
A) Low white blood cell count
B) Low red blood cell count
C) High blood sugar levels
D) High cholesterol levels
Answer: B) Low red blood cell count
143. Which muscle is primarily responsible for the movement of the shoulder joint?
A) Deltoid
B) Biceps
C) Triceps
D) Pectoralis major
Answer: A) Deltoid
144. Which organ is involved in the production of digestive enzymes and hormones?
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder
Answer: C) Pancreas
145. The process of breaking down food into smaller components for absorption is known as:
A) Digestion
B) Metabolism
C) Assimilation
D) Absorption
Answer: A) Digestion
146. The human body contains how many pairs of ribs?
A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 24
Answer: A) 12
147. The term ‘homeostasis’ refers to:
A) The balance of body fluids
B) The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
C) The production of hormones
D) The filtration of blood
Answer: B) The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
148. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle?
A) Involuntary control
B) Non-striated
C) Multinucleated
D) Found in the walls of hollow organs
Answer: C) Multinucleated
149. The primary function of the cerebrum is:
A) Coordination of movements
B) Regulation of heart rate
C) Processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions
D) Control of basic life functions
Answer: C) Processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions
150. The structure that connects bone to bone is called a:
A) Ligament
B) Tendon
C) Cartilage
D) Joint capsule
Answer: A) Ligament
151. Which of the following is NOT a component of the central nervous system?
A) Brain
B) Spinal cord
C) Cranial nerves
D) Both A and B
Answer: C) Cranial nerves
152. The main function of the urinary system is to:
A) Regulate blood pressure
B) Remove waste and excess water from the body
C) Control body temperature
D) Produce hormones
Answer: B) Remove waste and excess water from the body
153. The term ‘epithelium’ refers to:
A) A type of connective tissue
B) A type of muscle tissue
C) A type of epithelial tissue
D) A type of nervous tissue
Answer: C) A type of epithelial tissue
154. Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters?
A) Dendrites
B) Axon terminals
C) Cell body
D) Myelin sheath
Answer: B) Axon terminals
155. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering and recycling old red blood cells?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Spleen
D) Pancreas
Answer: C) Spleen
156. Which of the following is considered a function of the skin?
A) Protection against pathogens
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Sensation
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
157. The basic functional unit of the kidney is known as the:
A) Nephron
B) Glomerulus
C) Tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: A) Nephron
158. Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
A) Stratified squamous
B) Simple cuboidal
C) Simple columnar
D) Transitional
Answer: C) Simple columnar
159. Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?
A) Insulin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone
160. The primary function of the digestive system is to:
A) Circulate blood
B) Break down food and absorb nutrients
C) Exchange gases
D) Eliminate waste
Answer: B) Break down food and absorb nutrients
161. Which part of the eye is responsible for detecting light?
A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Iris
D) Lens
Answer: A) Retina
162. The largest lymphatic organ in the body is the:
A) Thymus
B) Spleen
C) Lymph node
D) Appendix
Answer: B) Spleen
163. Which type of joint allows for sliding movements between bones?
A) Hinge joint
B) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Gliding joint
D) Pivot joint
Answer: C) Gliding joint
164. The muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach is the:
A) Trachea
B) Esophagus
C) Pharynx
D) Duodenum
Answer: B) Esophagus
165. The primary component of the cell membrane is:
A) DNA
B) Protein
C) Lipid
D) Carbohydrate
Answer: C) Lipid
166. Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle?
A) Voluntary control
B) Non-striated
C) Striated and involuntary
D) Multi-nucleated
Answer: C) Striated and involuntary
167. The major blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called:
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Venules
Answer: A) Arteries
168. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system?
A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
169. The gland responsible for regulating metabolism through hormone secretion is the:
A) Thyroid gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Pancreas
Answer: A) Thyroid gland
170. Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?
A) Skull
B) Clavicle
C) Vertebrae
D) Ribs
Answer: B) Clavicle
171. The primary function of the pancreas is to:
A) Produce insulin and digestive enzymes
B) Filter blood
C) Store bile
D) Produce red blood cells
Answer: A) Produce insulin and digestive enzymes
172. Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Stratum corneum
Answer: B) Dermis
173. Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?
A) Rest and digest response
B) Fight or flight response
C) Increased salivation
D) Decreased heart rate
Answer: B) Fight or flight response
174. Which structure in the eye helps to maintain its shape?
A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Aqueous humor
D) Lens
Answer: C) Aqueous humor
175. The functional unit of the liver is known as the:
A) Acinus
B) Lobule
C) Nephron
D) Lobe
Answer: B) Lobule
176. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the digestion of proteins?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas
Answer: A) Stomach
177. The part of the brain responsible for memory and learning is primarily the:
A) Cerebellum
B) Limbic system
C) Brainstem
D) Cerebrum
Answer: B) Limbic system
178. Which type of connective tissue forms the framework of the body and connects organs?
A) Adipose tissue
B) Cartilage
C) Fibrous connective tissue
D) Bone
Answer: C) Fibrous connective tissue
179. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:
A) Diaphragm
B) Rib cage
C) Pelvis
D) Spine
Answer: A) Diaphragm
180. The process of absorption in the small intestine primarily occurs through:
A) Active transport
B) Passive diffusion
C) Filtration
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
181. Which of the following structures is responsible for filtering lymph?
A) Lymph nodes
B) Spleen
C) Thymus
D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
182. The term ‘cervical’ refers to the:
A) Neck region
B) Lower back region
C) Upper arm region
D) Thigh region
Answer: A) Neck region
183. Which organ is primarily involved in the detoxification of drugs and alcohol?
A) Kidney
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Pancreas
Answer: C) Liver
184. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) All of the above
Answer: B) Cardiac muscle
185. The structure that connects the brain to the spinal cord is the:
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Brainstem
Answer: D) Brainstem
186. Which of the following is a component of the lymphatic system?
A) Lymph nodes
B) Thymus
C) Spleen
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
187. The primary function of the large intestine is to:
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Digest food
C) Absorb water and electrolytes
D) Produce bile
Answer: C) Absorb water and electrolytes
188. The term ‘sagittal plane’ refers to:
A) A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts
B) A horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts
C) A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
D) None of the above
Answer: A) A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts
189. Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Cartilage
Answer: D) Cartilage
190. Which organ is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Spleen
D) Pancreas
Answer: D) Pancreas
191. The primary function of the parathyroid glands is to:
A) Control metabolism
B) Regulate calcium levels in the blood
C) Produce insulin
D) Control stress response
Answer: B) Regulate calcium levels in the blood
192. The structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is called the:
A) Diaphragm
B) Mediastinum
C) Pleura
D) Peritoneum
Answer: A) Diaphragm
193. Which part of the body contains the most bones?
A) Hands
B) Feet
C) Spine
D) Skull
Answer: A) Hands
194. The primary function of the kidneys is to:
A) Regulate body temperature
B) Filter blood and produce urine
C) Produce hormones
D) Store bile
Answer: B) Filter blood and produce urine
195. The term ‘dehydration’ refers to:
A) Excess water in the body
B) Insufficient water in the body
C) Normal hydration levels
D) The process of absorbing water
Answer: B) Insufficient water in the body
196. Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for extending the knee?
A) Quadriceps
B) Hamstrings
C) Gastrocnemius
D) Soleus
Answer: A) Quadriceps
197. The structure that produces tears is called the:
A) Lacrimal gland
B) Salivary gland
C) Thyroid gland
D) Sweat gland
Answer: A) Lacrimal gland
198. The outer layer of the heart is known as the:
A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium
Answer: C) Epicardium
199. The primary component of the respiratory system responsible for gas exchange is the:
A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Pleura
Answer: C) Alveoli
200. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
A) Skull
B) Ribs
C) Vertebral column
D) Clavicle
Answer: D) Clavicle
201. The condition known as “osteoporosis” results in:
A) Increased bone density
B) Brittle bones
C) Bone inflammation
D) Bone overgrowth
Answer: B) Brittle bones
202. The major role of the hypothalamus is to:
A) Control motor function
B) Regulate body temperature and hunger
C) Process sensory information
D) Produce hormones for the thyroid
Answer: B) Regulate body temperature and hunger
203. Which type of joint allows for movement in one plane only?
A) Hinge joint
B) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Pivot joint
D) Saddle joint
Answer: A) Hinge joint
204. Which organ is involved in producing and secreting digestive enzymes?
A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
Answer: C) Pancreas
205. The term ‘visceral’ refers to:
A) Pertaining to the outer layer of the body
B) Pertaining to internal organs
C) Pertaining to bones
D) Pertaining to muscles
Answer: B) Pertaining to internal organs
206. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?
A) Striated
B) Voluntary control
C) Non-striated and involuntary
D) Multinucleated
Answer: C) Non-striated and involuntary
207. The term ‘thoracic’ refers to the:
A) Abdominal region
B) Chest region
C) Pelvic region
D) Cranial region
Answer: B) Chest region
208. Which nutrient is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA?
A) Protein
B) Carbohydrates
C) Nucleic acids
D) Vitamins
Answer: C) Nucleic acids
209. The muscles that make up the abdominal wall primarily serve to:
A) Support and protect internal organs
B) Facilitate respiration
C) Allow for arm movement
D) Enable leg movement
Answer: A) Support and protect internal organs
210. The part of the brain involved in emotions and memory is the:
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Limbic system
D) Brainstem
Answer: C) Limbic system
211. The primary function of the small intestine is to:
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Digest fats
C) Filter blood
D) Produce bile
Answer: A) Absorb nutrients
212. Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?
A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Cell body
D) Synapse
Answer: B) Axon
213. Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the sensation of touch?
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Stratum corneum
Answer: B) Dermis
214. The primary function of the respiratory system is to:
A) Filter blood
B) Exchange gases
C) Circulate nutrients
D) Remove waste
Answer: B) Exchange gases
215. The basic functional unit of the liver is known as the:
A) Lobule
B) Nephron
C) Alveolus
D) Follicle
Answer: A) Lobule
216. The human skull consists of how many bones?
A) 22
B) 26
C) 30
D) 32
Answer: A) 22
217. Which organ produces insulin?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Spleen
D) Kidney
Answer: B) Pancreas
218. The primary role of the parathyroid glands is to:
A) Regulate metabolism
B) Control calcium levels
C) Control blood sugar levels
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: B) Control calcium levels
219. The term ‘proximal’ refers to a position that is:
A) Further from the point of attachment
B) Closer to the point of attachment
C) Above another structure
D) Below another structure
Answer: B) Closer to the point of attachment
220. The largest artery in the human body is the:
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Carotid artery
C) Aorta
D) Femoral artery
Answer: C) Aorta
221. Which muscle is responsible for flexing the hip?
A) Quadriceps
B) Hamstrings
C) Iliopsoas
D) Gluteus maximus
Answer: C) Iliopsoas
222. The fluid found in the synovial cavity is known as:
A) Blood
B) Lymph
C) Synovial fluid
D) Cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: C) Synovial fluid
223. The term ‘hypoxia’ refers to:
A) Insufficient oxygen in the tissues
B) Excessive oxygen in the tissues
C) Normal oxygen levels
D) Inability to breathe
Answer: A) Insufficient oxygen in the tissues
224. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
A) Smooth muscle
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Cardiac muscle
D) Epithelial muscle
Answer: C) Cardiac muscle
225. The condition known as “hypertension” refers to:
A) Low blood pressure
B) Normal blood pressure
C) High blood pressure
D) Fluctuating blood pressure
Answer: C) High blood pressure
226. Which part of the body is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Medulla oblongata
Answer: B) Cerebellum
227. Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light?
A) Cornea
B) Retina
C) Lens
D) Iris
Answer: C) Lens
228. The body’s natural response to infection involves:
A) Inflammation
B) Metabolism
C) Digestion
D) All of the above
Answer: A) Inflammation
229. Which structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
A) Esophagus
B) Trachea
C) Pharynx
D) Larynx
Answer: C) Pharynx
230. The spinal cord is protected by:
A) Muscles
B) Skin
C) Vertebrae
D) Cartilage
Answer: C) Vertebrae
231. Which part of the brain regulates body temperature?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Hypothalamus
D) Brainstem
Answer: C) Hypothalamus
232. Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?
A) Blood
B) Bone
C) Adipose tissue
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
233. The primary function of the hypothalamus is to:
A) Regulate thirst and hunger
B) Control the heart rate
C) Process sensory information
D) Control muscle movement
Answer: A) Regulate thirst and hunger
234. Which part of the body contains the greatest number of bones?
A) Hands
B) Feet
C) Skull
D) Spine
Answer: A) Hands
235. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs is called:
A) Inhalation
B) Exhalation
C) Gas exchange
D) Ventilation
Answer: C) Gas exchange
236. Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
A) Produce hormones
B) Regulate blood pressure
C) Filter waste from the blood
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
237. The structure that regulates the entry of light into the eye is the:
A) Iris
B) Cornea
C) Pupil
D) Retina
Answer: C) Pupil
238. The primary role of red blood cells is to:
A) Fight infections
B) Carry oxygen
C) Clot blood
D) Regulate temperature
Answer: B) Carry oxygen
239. Which type of joint allows for a rotational movement?
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Answer: B) Pivot joint
240. The major organ involved in the excretion of urine is the:
A) Kidney
B) Bladder
C) Ureter
D) Urethra
Answer: A) Kidney
241. Which part of the human body is responsible for the production of red blood cells?
A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Bone marrow
D) Kidney
Answer: C) Bone marrow
242. The term ‘aseptic’ refers to:
A) The presence of bacteria
B) The absence of pathogens
C) A method of sterilization
D) A type of infection
Answer: B) The absence of pathogens
243. Which of the following best describes the function of the rib cage?
A) It protects the heart and lungs.
B) It allows for the movement of the arms.
C) It supports the abdominal organs.
D) It aids in digestion.
Answer: A) It protects the heart and lungs.
244. The function of the endocrine system is to:
A) Transport oxygen and nutrients.
B) Produce hormones that regulate body functions.
C) Protect the body against pathogens.
D) Maintain body temperature.
Answer: B) Produce hormones that regulate body functions.
245. Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?
A) Optic nerve (II)
B) Olfactory nerve (I)
C) Facial nerve (VII)
D) Trigeminal nerve (V)
Answer: B) Olfactory nerve (I)
246. The primary role of the integumentary system is to:
A) Protect internal organs
B) Regulate body temperature
C) Provide sensory information
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
247. The sac that surrounds the heart is called the:
A) Pericardium
B) Peritoneum
C) Pleura
D) Synovial membrane
Answer: A) Pericardium
248. The term ‘anatomy’ literally means:
A) To cut apart
B) To build up
C) The study of tissues
D) The study of cells
Answer: A) To cut apart
249. The organ responsible for the sensation of taste is primarily located on the:
A) Tongue
B) Nose
C) Throat
D) Teeth
Answer: A) Tongue
250. The type of tissue that forms the outer layer of the skin is:
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscular tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Answer: A) Epithelial tissue
