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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for First Aid, Emergency Preparedness, and Disaster Management

Here are multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the First Aid, Emergency Preparedness, and Disaster Management curriculum of the NMC Ghana.

1. The primary goal of first aid is to:
A) Diagnose the condition
B) Provide temporary care to prevent further harm before professional help arrives
C) Administer medication
D) Perform surgery on the spot
Answer: B) Provide temporary care to prevent further harm before professional help arrives


2. The contents of a basic first aid kit should include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Bandages
B) Scissors
C) Stethoscope
D) Sterile gloves
Answer: C) Stethoscope


3. Which of the following is the first step in assessing an emergency situation?
A) Check for breathing
B) Call for help
C) Ensure the scene is safe
D) Begin CPR
Answer: C) Ensure the scene is safe


4. The term “haemorrhage” refers to:
A) A burn
B) Severe bleeding
C) A fracture
D) A sprain
Answer: B) Severe bleeding


5. In the case of an unconscious patient, the first action should be to:
A) Check the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC)
B) Call an ambulance
C) Perform CPR immediately
D) Leave the person unattended
Answer: A) Check the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC)


6. For a patient with a suspected fracture, the most appropriate first aid measure is to:
A) Apply heat to the area
B) Keep the patient still and immobilize the affected area
C) Forcefully realign the bone
D) Encourage the patient to walk
Answer: B) Keep the patient still and immobilize the affected area


7. The primary treatment for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes:
A) Tilting the head back
B) Applying pressure to the nostrils and leaning forward
C) Applying ice to the back of the head
D) Encouraging the person to lie flat
Answer: B) Applying pressure to the nostrils and leaning forward


8. Which of the following is a common cause of asphyxia?
A) Heart attack
B) Poisoning
C) Choking on a foreign object
D) Stroke
Answer: C) Choking on a foreign object


9. The most appropriate method of treating shock in an emergency is to:
A) Keep the patient standing
B) Elevate the patient’s legs to improve blood flow
C) Apply ice to the patient’s extremities
D) Give the patient food and water immediately
Answer: B) Elevate the patient’s legs to improve blood flow


10. Which of the following is an example of a special hemorrhage?
A) Epistaxis
B) Simple bruise
C) Sprain
D) Blister
Answer: A) Epistaxis


11. For a patient experiencing heatstroke, first aid measures should include:
A) Applying ice directly to the skin
B) Rapidly cooling the body with cool water or damp cloths
C) Encouraging the patient to exercise
D) Restricting fluids
Answer: B) Rapidly cooling the body with cool water or damp cloths

See Also: Multiple Choice Questions for Professional Adjustment


12. In an emergency, if a person is not breathing and has no pulse, the first action should be to:
A) Perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
B) Give them water
C) Place them in the recovery position
D) Bandage their wounds
Answer: A) Perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)


13. When dealing with a burn victim, which of the following is the correct first aid step?
A) Apply butter or oil to the burn
B) Cool the burn with running water for at least 10 minutes
C) Break any blisters that form
D) Rub the area vigorously
Answer: B) Cool the burn with running water for at least 10 minutes


14. A key principle of disaster management is:
A) Waiting for all agencies to respond before taking action
B) Being prepared with an emergency plan before disasters occur
C) Reacting only when a disaster occurs
D) Focusing only on medical personnel in disaster response
Answer: B) Being prepared with an emergency plan before disasters occur


15. In the case of an unconscious patient, when should the recovery position be used?
A) Immediately after determining the patient has a pulse and is breathing
B) Only if CPR is required
C) After the patient wakes up
D) It should never be used
Answer: A) Immediately after determining the patient has a pulse and is breathing


16. Which of the following should be done first for a person with a deep cut and severe bleeding?
A) Apply a tourniquet
B) Elevate the injured limb and apply pressure to the wound
C) Give them food and water
D) Clean the wound with alcohol
Answer: B) Elevate the injured limb and apply pressure to the wound


17. The first step in performing CPR on an adult is to:
A) Deliver rescue breaths
B) Administer a shock using an AED
C) Check for responsiveness and call for help
D) Perform abdominal thrusts
Answer: C) Check for responsiveness and call for help


18. Foreign bodies in the eye should be:
A) Rubbed vigorously
B) Removed by washing the eye with clean water
C) Left untreated
D) Removed with a sharp object
Answer: B) Removed by washing the eye with clean water


19. The term triage refers to:
A) Treating patients based on the severity of their condition
B) Diagnosing an illness
C) Treating wounds
D) Determining a patient’s pulse rate
Answer: A) Treating patients based on the severity of their condition


20. A patient is found unconscious after a diabetic coma. The first aid response is to:
A) Provide sugar or glucose immediately
B) Offer the patient insulin
C) Perform CPR
D) Call for professional help and ensure the airway is clear
Answer: D) Call for professional help and ensure the airway is clear


21. The primary purpose of disaster management is to:
A) Mitigate the effects of disasters through preparation, response, and recovery
B) Only provide medical assistance during disasters
C) Focus on rebuilding after the disaster
D) Leave disaster management to government agencies only
Answer: A) Mitigate the effects of disasters through preparation, response, and recovery


22. Burns and scalds should be treated by:
A) Cooling the burn with cold water and covering it with a sterile dressing
B) Applying oil to soothe the burn
C) Scratching the burned area
D) Rubbing ice directly onto the skin
Answer: A) Cooling the burn with cold water and covering it with a sterile dressing


23. In cases of suspected poisoning, the first action should be to:
A) Induce vomiting
B) Call for emergency medical help immediately
C) Give the person water to drink
D) Make the person walk around
Answer: B) Call for emergency medical help immediately


24. The correct treatment for a fracture is to:
A) Immobilize the injured area and seek medical attention
B) Move the fractured area to assess the damage
C) Apply heat to the affected area
D) Massage the injured site
Answer: A) Immobilize the injured area and seek medical attention


25. Which of the following should NOT be done when treating a snakebite?
A) Keep the patient calm and still
B) Apply ice directly to the bite
C) Seek medical help immediately
D) Immobilize the affected area
Answer: B) Apply ice directly to the bite


26. Which of the following is a symptom of heat exhaustion?
A) Dry, hot skin
B) Cold, clammy skin
C) Slow pulse
D) Low body temperature
Answer: B) Cold, clammy skin


27. The Heimlich maneuver is used to:
A) Treat a person having a heart attack
B) Dislodge a foreign object from the airway of a choking person
C) Provide support during a fainting spell
D) Control bleeding
Answer: B) Dislodge a foreign object from the airway of a choking person


28. When applying a tourniquet, it should be placed:
A) Directly on the wound
B) Several inches above the wound, between the injury and the heart
C) At the base of the limb
D) Below the wound
Answer: B) Several inches above the wound, between the injury and the heart


29. Cardiac arrest refers to:
A) A severe allergic reaction
B) The sudden loss of heart function
C) A stroke
D) Lung failure
Answer: B) The sudden loss of heart function


30. Fainting (syncope) is best managed by:
A) Keeping the patient upright
B) Laying the patient flat and elevating their legs
C) Giving them food
D) Making the person walk around
Answer: B) Laying the patient flat and elevating their legs


31. CPR should be performed at a rate of:
A) 100 to 120 compressions per minute
B) 50 to 60 compressions per minute
C) 30 to 40 compressions per minute
D) 10 to 20 compressions per minute
Answer: A) 100 to 120 compressions per minute


32. The main goal in treating hypothermia is to:
A) Gradually rewarm the person using blankets and warm fluids
B) Immerse the person in hot water
C) Make the person run to increase body temperature
D) Give them ice water to drink
Answer: A) Gradually rewarm the person using blankets and warm fluids


33. In the event of drowning, the first priority is to:
A) Warm the victim
B) Perform rescue breathing if the victim is not breathing
C) Give the victim water to drink
D) Perform CPR if they are conscious
Answer: B) Perform rescue breathing if the victim is not breathing


34. The treatment for choking in an infant involves:
A) Back blows and chest thrusts
B) Abdominal thrusts
C) CPR
D) Encouraging the infant to cry
Answer: A) Back blows and chest thrusts


35. Heat cramps can be treated by:
A) Rapidly cooling the body with ice
B) Resting in a cool place and drinking fluids
C) Performing vigorous exercise
D) Rubbing the affected muscles
Answer: B) Resting in a cool place and drinking fluids


36. The term contusion refers to:
A) A deep cut
B) A bruise caused by internal bleeding under the skin
C) A broken bone
D) A foreign object in the eye
Answer: B) A bruise caused by internal bleeding under the skin


37. Which of the following is an effective method for controlling external bleeding?
A) Applying direct pressure to the wound
B) Applying heat to the area
C) Giving the person water to drink
D) Leaving the wound uncovered
Answer: A) Applying direct pressure to the wound


38. The treatment for frostbite includes:
A) Rubbing the affected area vigorously
B) Gradually warming the area by soaking in warm (not hot) water
C) Applying ice to the area
D) Keeping the affected area exposed to cold air
Answer: B) Gradually warming the area by soaking in warm (not hot) water


39. The first step in disaster preparedness is:
A) Identifying potential hazards and risks
B) Reacting to the disaster
C) Coordinating with other agencies after the disaster
D) Stockpiling resources only after a disaster strikes
Answer: A) Identifying potential hazards and risks


40. The ABCDE approach in first aid stands for:
A) Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
B) Alertness, Blood pressure, Consciousness, Danger, Evaluation
C) Airflow, Body temperature, Condition, Danger, Emergency
D) Alarm, Breathing, Condition, Disposition, Exit
Answer: A) Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure

41. A person experiencing anaphylactic shock should be treated by:
A) Giving them water
B) Administering an epinephrine injection and seeking emergency help
C) Laying them flat and applying cold compresses
D) Giving them food to eat
Answer: B) Administering an epinephrine injection and seeking emergency help


42. First-degree burns primarily affect which layer of the skin?
A) The epidermis
B) The dermis
C) The subcutaneous layer
D) The muscle tissue
Answer: A) The epidermis


43. The immediate response to a chemical burn in the eye is to:
A) Apply ointment to the eye
B) Rinse the eye with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes
C) Cover the eye and wait for medical help
D) Rub the eye vigorously
Answer: B) Rinse the eye with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes


44. The correct first aid for a person with a suspected spinal injury is to:
A) Move the person to a sitting position
B) Immobilize the spine and keep the person still
C) Turn the person onto their stomach
D) Encourage the person to walk
Answer: B) Immobilize the spine and keep the person still


45. Frostbite occurs when:
A) The skin is exposed to extreme heat
B) Body tissues freeze due to exposure to extreme cold
C) The body loses too much water
D) There is an infection in the skin
Answer: B) Body tissues freeze due to exposure to extreme cold


46. CPR stands for:
A) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
B) Chest Pain Response
C) Circulatory Pulmonary Rescue
D) Critical Pressure Relief
Answer: A) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation


47. Which of the following is NOT a method of disaster preparedness?
A) Developing an emergency plan
B) Stockpiling emergency supplies
C) Ignoring disaster risks
D) Conducting emergency drills
Answer: C) Ignoring disaster risks


48. The correct treatment for a person having a seizure is to:
A) Hold the person down to stop the movements
B) Clear the area of dangerous objects and place something soft under the person’s head
C) Give the person water to drink
D) Put an object in the person’s mouth
Answer: B) Clear the area of dangerous objects and place something soft under the person’s head


49. The first priority in a mass casualty event is to:
A) Treat those with the most minor injuries first
B) Triage patients and provide care to those with life-threatening conditions
C) Wait for more medical personnel before taking action
D) Start with administering CPR to all patients
Answer: B) Triage patients and provide care to those with life-threatening conditions


50. Heatstroke is characterized by:
A) Heavy sweating and cool, clammy skin
B) High body temperature and altered mental status
C) Low body temperature and chills
D) Increased urination and thirst
Answer: B) High body temperature and altered mental status


51. A closed fracture refers to:
A) A fracture where the bone pierces the skin
B) A fracture where the bone remains within the skin
C) A fracture that cannot be treated
D) A fracture with severe bleeding
Answer: B) A fracture where the bone remains within the skin


52. The first step in treating a patient with a severe allergic reaction is to:
A) Monitor the patient’s blood pressure
B) Administer an antihistamine
C) Inject epinephrine and seek immediate medical attention
D) Provide food to the patient
Answer: C) Inject epinephrine and seek immediate medical attention


53. The Good Samaritan Law is designed to:
A) Prevent people from offering first aid
B) Protect individuals who provide reasonable assistance in an emergency from legal liability
C) Penalize individuals who do not provide CPR
D) Require everyone to be trained in first aid
Answer: B) Protect individuals who provide reasonable assistance in an emergency from legal liability


54. In an emergency, the recovery position is used to:
A) Aid breathing and prevent choking for unconscious, breathing patients
B) Increase circulation
C) Diagnose internal injuries
D) Stop severe bleeding
Answer: A) Aid breathing and prevent choking for unconscious, breathing patients


55. In the case of electric shock, the first action should be to:
A) Touch the patient to check for injuries
B) Turn off the power source or move the patient away from it using a non-conductive object
C) Pour water on the patient
D) Apply ice to the affected area
Answer: B) Turn off the power source or move the patient away from it using a non-conductive object


56. In disaster management, the term mitigation refers to:
A) Preventing the disaster from occurring
B) Reducing the impact and risk of disasters before they happen
C) Rebuilding after the disaster
D) Providing food to survivors
Answer: B) Reducing the impact and risk of disasters before they happen


57. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when:
A) The body is exposed to extreme cold
B) There is insufficient blood flow to the organs and tissues
C) The body temperature rises too quickly
D) A person eats something poisonous
Answer: B) There is insufficient blood flow to the organs and tissues


58. Poisoning by ingestion is best managed by:
A) Inducing vomiting immediately
B) Calling emergency services and following their instructions
C) Giving the patient water to dilute the poison
D) Forcing the patient to walk around
Answer: B) Calling emergency services and following their instructions


59. A person with heat exhaustion should be treated by:
A) Moving them to a cooler place and providing fluids
B) Applying ice directly to their skin
C) Encouraging them to exercise
D) Giving them warm fluids
Answer: A) Moving them to a cooler place and providing fluids


60. Blunt trauma refers to:
A) An injury caused by sharp objects
B) Injury caused by a forceful impact without piercing the skin
C) A type of burn injury
D) Damage caused by a chemical agent
Answer: B) Injury caused by a forceful impact without piercing the skin


61. Chest compressions during CPR for an adult should be performed to a depth of:
A) 1 to 1.5 inches
B) 2 to 2.4 inches
C) 3 to 3.5 inches
D) 4 to 5 inches
Answer: B) 2 to 2.4 inches


62. Disaster recovery focuses on:
A) Immediate emergency response
B) Long-term rebuilding and returning to normalcy after a disaster
C) Ignoring the disaster aftermath
D) Avoiding future disaster planning
Answer: B) Long-term rebuilding and returning to normalcy after a disaster


63. In the event of a chemical spill, the first aid provider should:
A) Try to clean up the spill
B) Evacuate the area and seek professional assistance
C) Apply ointment to the affected area
D) Give the patient food
Answer: B) Evacuate the area and seek professional assistance


64. The Rule of Nines is used to:
A) Measure blood pressure
B) Estimate the extent of burns on the body
C) Count the number of injuries a patient has
D) Assess the severity of a head injury
Answer: B) Estimate the extent of burns on the body


65. When dealing with a fracture of the leg, the correct procedure is to:
A) Keep the leg still and immobilize it with a splint
B) Encourage the person to walk
C) Move the leg to realign the bones
D) Apply heat to the affected area
Answer: A) Keep the leg still and immobilize it with a splint


66. Which of the following is NOT a recommended step when dealing with a burn?
A) Cooling the burn with running water
B) Covering the burn with a sterile dressing
C) Breaking any blisters that form
D) Seeking medical attention for severe burns
Answer: C) Breaking any blisters that form


67. The first aid treatment for a sprain is to:
A) Apply heat to the affected area immediately
B) Use the RICE method: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
C) Encourage the patient to move the joint
D) Massage the injured area
Answer: B) Use the RICE method: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation


68. The primary focus of emergency preparedness is to:
A) Wait for a disaster to occur before taking action
B) Develop strategies to reduce the impact of disasters and ensure quick response
C) Rely on other agencies for disaster management
D) Focus only on recovery after a disaster
Answer: B) Develop strategies to reduce the impact of disasters and ensure quick response


69. The term hypovolemic shock refers to:
A) Shock caused by an allergic reaction
B) Shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
C) Shock caused by head trauma
D) Shock caused by infection
Answer: B) Shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss


70. A patient is experiencing hypothermia. The correct response is to:
A) Gradually rewarm the person using blankets and warm fluids
B) Immerse the person in hot water
C) Encourage the person to exercise
D) Give the person cold water to drink
Answer: A) Gradually rewarm the person using blankets and warm fluids


71. Rescue breathing should be performed when:
A) A person is breathing normally
B) A person has a pulse but is not breathing
C) A person has no pulse and is not breathing
D) A person is choking
Answer: B) A person has a pulse but is not breathing


72. The term abrasion refers to:
A) A deep puncture wound
B) Scraping of the skin’s surface
C) A closed fracture
D) A muscle tear
Answer: B) Scraping of the skin’s surface


73. A contaminated wound should be treated by:
A) Cleaning the wound with sterile water or saline solution and covering it with a sterile dressing
B) Pouring alcohol into the wound
C) Ignoring the wound
D) Applying a tourniquet immediately
Answer: A) Cleaning the wound with sterile water or saline solution and covering it with a sterile dressing


74. The correct first aid for a dislocation includes:
A) Forcing the joint back into place
B) Immobilizing the joint and seeking medical help
C) Applying ice directly to the joint
D) Giving the person painkillers
Answer: B) Immobilizing the joint and seeking medical help


75. The main purpose of triage in an emergency is to:
A) Provide care for all patients simultaneously
B) Prioritize treatment based on the severity of injuries
C) Only treat minor injuries
D) Focus on providing psychological support
Answer: B) Prioritize treatment based on the severity of injuries


76. The term open fracture refers to:
A) A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin
B) A fracture that cannot be treated
C) A fracture with minimal bleeding
D) A fracture that heals quickly
Answer: A) A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin


77. Heat cramps occur due to:
A) Excessive sweating and loss of fluids and electrolytes
B) Exposure to cold weather
C) Lack of physical activity
D) Low body temperature
Answer: A) Excessive sweating and loss of fluids and electrolytes


78. Tourniquets should be used in cases of:
A) Minor cuts
B) Severe arterial bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure
C) Simple bruises
D) Superficial burns
Answer: B) Severe arterial bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure


79. The correct way to treat a bee sting is to:
A) Remove the stinger with a blunt object and apply a cold compress
B) Squeeze the stinger out with fingers
C) Apply heat to the area
D) Break the stinger inside the skin
Answer: A) Remove the stinger with a blunt object and apply a cold compress


80. When treating a chemical burn on the skin, the first step is to:
A) Rub the affected area
B) Wash the area with cool water for at least 20 minutes
C) Apply ointment immediately
D) Cover the burn with a bandage
Answer: B) Wash the area with cool water for at least 20 minutes

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