Multiple Choice Questions on Infection Prevention and Control for Nursing Students

Multiple Choice Questions for Infection Prevention and Control

1. Which of the following is the primary goal of infection prevention and control?
A) Treating infections
B) Preventing the spread of infections
C) Diagnosing infections
D) Reporting infections
Answer: B) Preventing the spread of infections

2. The most effective method of preventing the spread of infection is:
A) Wearing gloves
B) Proper hand hygiene
C) Using masks
D) Administering antibiotics
Answer: B) Proper hand hygiene

3. Which of the following is considered a standard precaution in infection control?
A) Hand washing
B) Vaccination
C) Isolation
D) Quarantine
Answer: A) Hand washing

4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Gloves
B) Masks
C) Gowns
D) Lab coats
Answer: D) Lab coats

5. The process of sterilizing medical instruments is important to:
A) Ensure they are sharp
B) Prevent cross-contamination
C) Enhance their appearance
D) Reduce their weight
Answer: B) Prevent cross-contamination

6. Which of the following microorganisms is most likely to be transmitted through airborne routes?
A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

7. The term ‘asepsis’ refers to:
A) The presence of pathogens
B) The absence of pathogens
C) A type of infection
D) A method of treatment
Answer: B) The absence of pathogens

8. Which of the following is a key component of an infection prevention and control program?
A) Education and training
B) Patient isolation
C) Regular surgery
D) Frequent medication changes
Answer: A) Education and training

9. The main purpose of isolation precautions is to:
A) Protect the healthcare provider
B) Prevent the spread of infections to other patients
C) Reduce hospital costs
D) Improve patient outcomes
Answer: B) Prevent the spread of infections to other patients

10. The most common route of healthcare-associated infections is:
A) Airborne
B) Contact
C) Vector-borne
D) Waterborne
Answer: B) Contact

11. Which of the following practices can help reduce the risk of infection in healthcare settings?
A) Using expired medications
B) Reusing disposable equipment
C) Properly disposing of waste
D) Ignoring hygiene protocols
Answer: C) Properly disposing of waste

12. The incubation period of an infection refers to:
A) The time from exposure to symptoms
B) The time during which symptoms are present
C) The time after recovery
D) The time before treatment
Answer: A) The time from exposure to symptoms

13. Which infection control measure is used when caring for a patient with a respiratory infection?
A) Contact precautions
B) Airborne precautions
C) Droplet precautions
D) Standard precautions
Answer: C) Droplet precautions

14. The term ‘nosocomial infection’ refers to:
A) Infections acquired in the community
B) Infections acquired in a healthcare setting
C) Infections that are highly contagious
D) Infections treated with antibiotics
Answer: B) Infections acquired in a healthcare setting

15. What is the purpose of a hand sanitizer?
A) To wash hands with soap
B) To disinfect surfaces
C) To kill germs on hands when soap and water are not available
D) To moisturize skin
Answer: C) To kill germs on hands when soap and water are not available

16. Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for infections?
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Airborne
D) Ingestion of food
Answer: D) Ingestion of food

17. Infection control practices should be implemented:
A) Only in surgical wards
B) In all healthcare settings
C) Only in high-risk areas
D) During outbreak situations only
Answer: B) In all healthcare settings

18. Which type of bacteria can form spores that are resistant to heat and disinfectants?
A) Cocci
B) Bacilli
C) Spore-forming bacteria
D) None of the above
Answer: C) Spore-forming bacteria

19. The role of the healthcare worker in infection prevention includes:
A) Ignoring hygiene protocols
B) Reporting and managing infections
C) Treating infections without precautions
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Reporting and managing infections

20. An example of a vector-borne infection is:
A) Tuberculosis
B) Malaria
C) Hepatitis
D) Influenza
Answer: B) Malaria

21. Which of the following actions is NOT part of the standard precautions?
A) Hand hygiene
B) Use of gloves when touching blood
C) Isolation of all patients
D) Safe injection practices
Answer: C) Isolation of all patients

22. The term ‘biohazard’ refers to:
A) A hazard related to chemical exposure
B) A biological substance that poses a threat to health
C) A physical hazard in the workplace
D) A type of medical waste
Answer: B) A biological substance that poses a threat to health

23. What is the primary purpose of a vaccination program?
A) To treat existing infections
B) To prevent infections
C) To manage outbreaks
D) To increase antibiotic resistance
Answer: B) To prevent infections

24. Which of the following is a common practice in infection control during surgical procedures?
A) Using sterile instruments
B) Wearing jewelry
C) Ignoring hand hygiene
D) Working with open wounds
Answer: A) Using sterile instruments

25. The concept of herd immunity is primarily related to:
A) Vaccination and prevention of disease spread
B) Individual immunity
C) Antibiotic resistance
D) Surgical procedures
Answer: A) Vaccination and prevention of disease spread

26. Which of the following is a characteristic of viral infections?
A) They can be treated with antibiotics.
B) They are caused by bacteria.
C) They can replicate only within host cells.
D) They are not transmissible.
Answer: C) They can replicate only within host cells.

27. The main focus of outbreak investigation is to:
A) Treat the affected individuals
B) Identify the source and prevent further transmission
C) Collect data for research purposes
D) Monitor patient symptoms
Answer: B) Identify the source and prevent further transmission

28. The purpose of contact precautions is to:
A) Prevent transmission through airborne droplets
B) Prevent transmission through direct or indirect contact
C) Isolate patients with respiratory infections
D) Prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases
Answer: B) Prevent transmission through direct or indirect contact

29. Hand hygiene should be performed:
A) Only after using the restroom
B) Before and after patient contact
C) Once a day
D) Only when hands are visibly dirty
Answer: B) Before and after patient contact

30. Which of the following is an essential element of an effective infection control program?
A) Passive monitoring of infections
B) Regular education and training for healthcare staff
C) Isolating all patients with infections
D) Using outdated infection control guidelines
Answer: B) Regular education and training for healthcare staff

31. Which of the following is an airborne infection?
A) Influenza
B) Measles
C) Hepatitis A
D) Malaria
Answer: B) Measles

32. What is the primary function of disinfectants in infection control?
A) To kill all microorganisms
B) To reduce the number of pathogens
C) To sterilize surgical instruments
D) To clean visible dirt
Answer: B) To reduce the number of pathogens

33. The term ‘aseptic technique’ refers to:
A) The practice of preventing contamination during medical procedures
B) The treatment of infections with antibiotics
C) The isolation of infected patients
D) The use of personal protective equipment
Answer: A) The practice of preventing contamination during medical procedures

34. Which of the following is NOT considered a mode of transmission for infections?
A) Vector-borne
B) Direct contact
C) Nutritional
D) Airborne
Answer: C) Nutritional

35. What is the primary purpose of a waste management plan in a healthcare facility?
A) To reduce costs
B) To ensure proper disposal of infectious waste
C) To increase hospital revenue
D) To recycle materials
Answer: B) To ensure proper disposal of infectious waste

36. The best method to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is:
A) Using antibiotics for all infections
B) Proper hand hygiene and appropriate antibiotic use
C) Increasing the dose of antibiotics
D) Isolating all patients
Answer: B) Proper hand hygiene and appropriate antibiotic use

37. In the context of infection control, ‘quarantine’ refers to:
A) The complete isolation of a hospital
B) The separation of individuals who may have been exposed to an infectious disease
C) The process of cleaning medical instruments
D) The treatment of infected patients
Answer: B) The separation of individuals who may have been exposed to an infectious disease

38. Which of the following is a sign of an active infection?
A) Fever
B) High blood pressure
C) Low blood sugar
D) Normal body temperature
Answer: A) Fever

39. Which of the following is NOT a part of the chain of infection?
A) Reservoir
B) Portal of entry
C) Treatment
D) Mode of transmission
Answer: C) Treatment

40. Which of the following is an appropriate action to take when dealing with a needle stick injury?
A) Squeeze the wound to let blood flow
B) Clean the area with soap and water, then report the incident
C) Ignore the injury if it doesn’t hurt
D) Bandage the wound immediately
Answer: B) Clean the area with soap and water, then report the incident

41. Which infection control practice is crucial during an outbreak of a contagious disease?
A) Increasing patient visits
B) Reducing hand hygiene
C) Implementing strict isolation precautions
D) Avoiding the use of gloves
Answer: C) Implementing strict isolation precautions

42. The primary goal of vaccination programs is to achieve:
A) Treatment of infections
B) Herd immunity
C) Increased infection rates
D) Enhanced virulence of pathogens
Answer: B) Herd immunity

43. Which of the following best describes standard precautions?
A) Practices used only for patients with known infections
B) Guidelines applied to all patients, regardless of their infection status
C) Measures used in surgical settings only
D) Techniques limited to blood exposure
Answer: B) Guidelines applied to all patients, regardless of their infection status

44. The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers is most effective when:
A) Hands are visibly soiled
B) There is no access to soap and water
C) Only used after using the restroom
D) Used sparingly
Answer: B) There is no access to soap and water

45. Which of the following is an example of a chemical disinfectant?
A) Hydrogen peroxide
B) Water
C) Salt
D) Sugar
Answer: A) Hydrogen peroxide

46. The term ‘sepsis’ refers to:
A) A localized infection
B) A systemic inflammatory response to infection
C) A viral infection
D) A fungal infection
Answer: B) A systemic inflammatory response to infection

47. Which PPE is essential when caring for a patient with tuberculosis?
A) Gloves
B) Surgical mask
C) N95 respirator
D) Gown
Answer: C) N95 respirator

48. What is the main purpose of hand hygiene in healthcare settings?
A) To prevent skin infections
B) To protect healthcare workers only
C) To prevent the transmission of pathogens
D) To reduce the number of hospital beds needed
Answer: C) To prevent the transmission of pathogens

49. Which of the following is a key factor in controlling the spread of infection?
A) Frequent changes in staff
B) Education and training of healthcare workers
C) Ignoring hygiene protocols
D) Using outdated infection control guidelines
Answer: B) Education and training of healthcare workers

50. The transmission of infections through contaminated food is known as:
A) Airborne transmission
B) Vector-borne transmission
C) Fecal-oral transmission
D) Direct contact transmission
Answer: C) Fecal-oral transmission

51. What is the purpose of performing a risk assessment in infection control?
A) To identify patients at risk of infections
B) To determine the number of staff needed
C) To evaluate the cost of treatment
D) To monitor patient satisfaction
Answer: A) To identify patients at risk of infections

52. Which of the following is a method of sterilization?
A) Boiling water
B) Autoclaving
C) Washing with soap
D) Wiping with a damp cloth
Answer: B) Autoclaving

53. Which organization is responsible for monitoring infection control practices in healthcare settings in many countries?
A) World Health Organization (WHO)
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Answer: B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

54. Which type of bacteria can be effectively treated with antibiotics?
A) Viral infections
B) Fungal infections
C) Bacterial infections
D) Protozoal infections
Answer: C) Bacterial infections

55. Which of the following practices helps to prevent surgical site infections?
A) Prolonged surgery duration
B) Maintaining strict aseptic technique
C) Wearing jewelry in the operating room
D) Using expired surgical instruments
Answer: B) Maintaining strict aseptic technique

56. What type of precautions should be used for patients with highly contagious infections?
A) Standard precautions
B) Droplet precautions
C) Airborne precautions
D) Contact precautions
Answer: C) Airborne precautions

57. The ‘chain of infection’ includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Infectious agent
B) Mode of transmission
C) Susceptible host
D) Treatment
Answer: D) Treatment

58. Which of the following can be a source of healthcare-associated infections?
A) Catheters
B) Surgical instruments
C) Contaminated hands of healthcare workers
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

59. The primary function of the infection control committee in a healthcare facility is to:
A) Conduct regular patient surveys
B) Develop and implement infection prevention policies
C) Provide treatment for infected patients
D) Manage hospital finances
Answer: B) Develop and implement infection prevention policies

60. Which of the following methods is used to ensure the safe disposal of sharps?
A) Recycling them
B) Disposing in regular trash
C) Using puncture-resistant containers
D) Burning them
Answer: C) Using puncture-resistant containers

61. Which of the following infections is often transmitted through food?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Hepatitis A
C) Influenza
D) COVID-19
Answer: B) Hepatitis A

62. An outbreak of an infection is defined as:
A) A sporadic case of infection
B) An unexpected increase in cases of a disease in a specific area
C) A steady state of infection in the community
D) A single case of a rare disease
Answer: B) An unexpected increase in cases of a disease in a specific area

63. Which of the following is a key component of hand hygiene?
A) Only using water
B) Using soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
C) Rubbing hands for 1 second
D) Wearing gloves
Answer: B) Using soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub

64. The term ‘antimicrobial resistance’ refers to:
A) The ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of drugs
B) The spread of infections in hospitals
C) The use of antibiotics for viral infections
D) The decrease in drug effectiveness over time
Answer: A) The ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of drugs

65. Which of the following is considered a non-specific immune response?
A) Production of antibodies
B) Skin barrier
C) Memory cell formation
D) Immunization
Answer: B) Skin barrier

66. Which of the following would be considered a vector for infection?
A) Water
B) Food
C) Mosquito
D) Air
Answer: C) Mosquito

67. The purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in healthcare is to:
A) Treat the infection
B) Prevent the onset of infection after exposure
C) Confirm a diagnosis
D) Isolate infected patients
Answer: B) Prevent the onset of infection after exposure

68. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of infection?
A) Fever
B) Nausea
C) Increased energy
D) Fatigue
Answer: C) Increased energy

69. Which of the following best describes a droplet infection?
A) Transmission through direct contact with contaminated surfaces
B) Transmission via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
C) Transmission through vectors like mosquitoes
D) Transmission through contaminated food and water
Answer: B) Transmission via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes

70. Infection prevention and control measures should be:
A) Applied only in emergency situations
B) Consistently practiced in all healthcare settings
C) Updated weekly
D) Ignored if no infections are present
Answer: B) Consistently practiced in all healthcare settings

71. The practice of wearing gloves during patient care is an example of:
A) Aseptic technique
B) Standard precautions
C) Sterilization
D) Isolation
Answer: B) Standard precautions

72. Which type of infection is caused by a fungus?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Athlete’s foot
C) Malaria
D) Influenza
Answer: B) Athlete’s foot

73. An effective method to monitor infection control practices is:
A) Staff education and training
B) Patient surveys
C) Regular audits
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

74. What is the primary role of antibiotics?
A) To prevent infections
B) To treat viral infections
C) To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria
D) To boost the immune system
Answer: C) To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria

75. The term ‘hygiene’ refers to:
A) The practice of cleanliness to maintain health
B) The treatment of infections
C) The process of vaccination
D) The isolation of patients
Answer: A) The practice of cleanliness to maintain health

76. Which of the following is an example of an infectious disease?
A) Asthma
B) Diabetes
C) Tuberculosis
D) Hypertension
Answer: C) Tuberculosis

77. The main purpose of using masks in infection control is to:
A) Protect against allergens
B) Prevent the spread of respiratory droplets
C) Block UV rays
D) Filter out dust particles
Answer: B) Prevent the spread of respiratory droplets

78. Which government agency is responsible for public health in many countries?
A) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
C) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Answer: B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

79. In a healthcare setting, cleaning surfaces helps to:
A) Make them look tidy
B) Reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens
C) Enhance their durability
D) All of the above
Answer: B) Reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens

80. Which of the following is a common nosocomial infection?
A) Chickenpox
B) Influenza
C) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
D) Common cold
Answer: C) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Let me know if you need more questions or if you’d like to move on to another course!

Here are 30 additional multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for Infection Prevention and Control, ensuring no repetition from previous questions:

Multiple Choice Questions for Infection Prevention and Control (Continued)

81. Which type of infection control involves separating sick patients from healthy individuals?
A) Standard precautions
B) Isolation
C) Quarantine
D) Contact precautions
Answer: B) Isolation

82. The main reason for using personal protective equipment (PPE) is to:
A) Keep healthcare workers fashionable
B) Prevent contamination and protect from exposure
C) Enhance patient comfort
D) Increase hospital revenue
Answer: B) Prevent contamination and protect from exposure

83. Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
A) They can reproduce independently.
B) They have a cellular structure.
C) They require a host to replicate.
D) They are always pathogenic.
Answer: C) They require a host to replicate.

84. What is the primary purpose of hand sanitizers that contain at least 60% alcohol?
A) To clean visible dirt
B) To eliminate most germs on hands
C) To moisturize the skin
D) To disinfect surfaces
Answer: B) To eliminate most germs on hands

85. The practice of using antibiotics inappropriately can lead to:
A) Increased effectiveness of the drug
B) Development of antibiotic resistance
C) Faster recovery from infections
D) No effect on patient health
Answer: B) Development of antibiotic resistance

86. Which of the following is considered a healthcare-associated infection?
A) A cold contracted at home
B) An infection acquired during hospitalization
C) An infection from a mosquito bite
D) A virus caught from family members
Answer: B) An infection acquired during hospitalization

87. What is the role of contact precautions in infection control?
A) To prevent the spread of infections through respiratory droplets
B) To prevent the spread of infections through direct or indirect contact
C) To prevent infections from airborne pathogens
D) To isolate patients from the community
Answer: B) To prevent the spread of infections through direct or indirect contact

88. The primary function of the immune system is to:
A) Provide energy
B) Fight infections
C) Produce hormones
D) Control body temperature
Answer: B) Fight infections

89. What is the first step in the chain of infection?
A) Susceptible host
B) Infectious agent
C) Portal of entry
D) Mode of transmission
Answer: B) Infectious agent

90. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Cholera
C) Malaria
D) Influenza
Answer: C) Malaria

91. Which of the following methods is considered the most effective for sterilizing surgical instruments?
A) Chemical disinfectants
B) Autoclaving
C) Boiling water
D) Alcohol wipes
Answer: B) Autoclaving

92. Which personal protective equipment is essential when handling blood or body fluids?
A) Gloves
B) Gown
C) Mask
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

93. The term ‘community-acquired infection’ refers to infections that are:
A) Acquired in healthcare settings
B) Acquired outside of healthcare settings
C) Always severe
D) Transmitted by vectors
Answer: B) Acquired outside of healthcare settings

94. What is the purpose of using a biohazard bag?
A) To collect recyclable materials
B) To store food waste
C) To safely dispose of contaminated materials
D) To keep clean medical supplies
Answer: C) To safely dispose of contaminated materials

95. The practice of performing thorough hand washing should last at least:
A) 5 seconds
B) 10 seconds
C) 20 seconds
D) 1 minute
Answer: C) 20 seconds

96. Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of infection?
A) Fever
B) Swelling
C) Cold skin
D) Redness
Answer: C) Cold skin

97. Which of the following is a common disinfectant used in healthcare settings?
A) Vinegar
B) Bleach
C) Baking soda
D) Water
Answer: B) Bleach

98. Which type of surgical wound infection occurs within 30 days of the procedure?
A) Primary infection
B) Secondary infection
C) Superficial infection
D) Postoperative infection
Answer: D) Postoperative infection

99. The process of removing or killing all microorganisms is known as:
A) Disinfection
B) Sterilization
C) Sanitization
D) Decontamination
Answer: B) Sterilization

100. Which of the following vaccines is administered to prevent hepatitis B?
A) MMR vaccine
B) DTaP vaccine
C) Hepatitis B vaccine
D) Influenza vaccine
Answer: C) Hepatitis B vaccine

101. The primary method of transmission for sexually transmitted infections is:
A) Airborne
B) Vector-borne
C) Direct contact
D) Indirect contact
Answer: C) Direct contact

102. The recommended action when a healthcare worker has a needle stick injury is to:
A) Squeeze the wound
B) Clean the area with soap and water and report the incident
C) Ignore the injury if it doesn’t hurt
D) Apply a bandage immediately
Answer: B) Clean the area with soap and water and report the incident

103. What is the primary focus of outbreak investigation?
A) Treatment of affected individuals
B) Control of infection
C) Identifying the source and preventing further transmission
D) Monitoring hospital infection rates
Answer: C) Identifying the source and preventing further transmission

104. Which of the following factors contributes to the spread of healthcare-associated infections?
A) High staff-to-patient ratios
B) Inadequate cleaning of medical equipment
C) Improper hand hygiene
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

105. What does the term ‘infection control’ encompass?
A) Preventing, detecting, and managing infections
B) Treating patients with infections
C) Isolating patients with infections only
D) Monitoring patient vitals
Answer: A) Preventing, detecting, and managing infections

106. Which of the following is a method to prevent the transmission of infections in the healthcare setting?
A) Ignoring hand hygiene
B) Using personal protective equipment (PPE)
C) Sharing instruments without cleaning
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Using personal protective equipment (PPE)

107. The main purpose of using antimicrobial soap is to:
A) Clean visible dirt only
B) Remove pathogens from the skin
C) Reduce friction during handwashing
D) Make hands smell good
Answer: B) Remove pathogens from the skin

108. In the event of an outbreak, what is the first action that should be taken?
A) Isolate all patients
B) Notify public health authorities
C) Increase antibiotic prescriptions
D) Ignore the situation
Answer: B) Notify public health authorities

109. What is the role of the infection prevention and control nurse?
A) Treat infections in patients
B) Conduct audits and monitor compliance with infection control practices
C) Administer vaccines
D) Manage patient care
Answer: B) Conduct audits and monitor compliance with infection control practices

110. Which of the following best describes the use of a mask?
A) It is unnecessary in all situations
B) It only protects the healthcare worker
C) It is used to prevent respiratory droplets from being transmitted
D) It is used only during surgical procedures
Answer: C) It is used to prevent respiratory droplets from being transmitted

111. What is the most common mode of transmission for healthcare-associated infections?
A) Airborne transmission
B) Contact transmission
C) Vector transmission
D) Waterborne transmission
Answer: B) Contact transmission

112. Which of the following is a key strategy in controlling outbreaks of infectious diseases?
A) Increase patient traffic
B) Implement strict hygiene and infection control measures
C) Limit staff training
D) Allow unrestricted visitation
Answer: B) Implement strict hygiene and infection control measures

113. Which term describes an infection that is transmitted from one person to another?
A) Nosocomial
B) Communicable
C) Endemic
D) Sporadic
Answer: B) Communicable

114. Which of the following is a common vector for transmitting infections?
A) Water
B) Mosquito
C) Air
D) Food
Answer: B) Mosquito

115. The term ‘immunization’ refers to:
A) The treatment of infections
B) The process of making an individual immune to an infection
C) The diagnosis of infections
D) The practice of hygiene
Answer: B) The process of making an individual immune to an infection

116. The ‘gold standard’ for infection control practices in healthcare settings is:
A) Frequent changes in medical equipment
B) Routine vaccination of all staff
C) Strict adherence to standard precautions
D) Isolating all patients with minor infections
Answer: C) Strict adherence to standard precautions

117. Which of the following is an example of a barrier precaution?
A) Hand washing
B) Wearing gloves
C) Using disinfectants
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

118. The primary mode of transmission for Clostridium difficile is:
A) Airborne
B) Contact
C) Vector-borne
D) Waterborne
Answer: B) Contact

119. Which type of infection control precaution is used for a patient with a known viral infection?
A) Contact precautions
B) Droplet precautions
C) Airborne precautions
D) Standard precautions
Answer: B) Droplet precautions

120. What is the purpose of a ‘cleaning protocol’ in infection control?
A) To ensure all surfaces are shiny
B) To outline the steps for effective cleaning and disinfection
C) To reduce the workload of the cleaning staff
D) To monitor the number of infections
Answer: B) To outline the steps for effective cleaning and disinfection

121. What is a common source of infection in a healthcare facility?
A) Infected healthcare workers
B) Contaminated medical equipment
C) Invasive devices like catheters
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

122. Which of the following infections requires airborne precautions?
A) Influenza
B) Chickenpox
C) Hepatitis B
D) Norovirus
Answer: B) Chickenpox

123. A critical component of post-exposure prophylaxis is:
A) Immediate treatment with antibiotics
B) Assessment of risk and potential treatment
C) Isolation of the exposed individual
D) Ignoring the exposure
Answer: B) Assessment of risk and potential treatment

124. The best way to break the chain of infection is to:
A) Treat the infected individual
B) Identify the infectious agent
C) Implement infection control measures
D) Increase antibiotic use
Answer: C) Implement infection control measures

125. Which of the following is a primary reason for using gloves in healthcare?
A) To prevent cross-contamination
B) To keep hands warm
C) To enhance grip
D) To avoid touching patients
Answer: A) To prevent cross-contamination

126. Which infection is transmitted via contaminated water?
A) Hepatitis A
B) HIV
C) Tuberculosis
D) Influenza
Answer: A) Hepatitis A

127. The process of identifying and documenting the incidence of infections is known as:
A) Surveillance
B) Quarantine
C) Isolation
D) Reporting
Answer: A) Surveillance

128. Which of the following should be considered when disposing of medical waste?
A) Type of waste
B) Legal regulations
C) Safety of the disposal method
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

129. The purpose of infection control audits is to:
A) Identify staff performance only
B) Ensure compliance with infection prevention protocols
C) Increase patient load
D) Reduce hospital expenses
Answer: B) Ensure compliance with infection prevention protocols

130. Which is the most effective way to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections in patients?
A) Increasing fluid intake
B) Using antibiotics
C) Reducing catheter use
D) Isolating patients
Answer: C) Reducing catheter use

131. The use of which of the following is essential during a blood transfusion to prevent infection?
A) Sterile gloves
B) Open containers
C) Unscreened blood products
D) Standard clothing
Answer: A) Sterile gloves

132. Which of the following statements about hand hygiene is TRUE?
A) Hand sanitizers can replace handwashing with soap and water.
B) Hands should be washed before and after every patient interaction.
C) Hand hygiene is only necessary when hands are visibly dirty.
D) Antimicrobial soap is less effective than regular soap.
Answer: B) Hands should be washed before and after every patient interaction.

133. In the context of infection control, what does ‘surveillance’ involve?
A) Monitoring and tracking infections
B) Administering vaccines
C) Isolating infected patients
D) Conducting surgeries
Answer: A) Monitoring and tracking infections

134. Which of the following is a common symptom of an infection?
A) High energy levels
B) Weight gain
C) Fever
D) Stable blood pressure
Answer: C) Fever

135. What is the role of environmental cleaning in infection control?
A) To maintain aesthetics
B) To eliminate pathogens from surfaces
C) To prevent spills
D) To create a pleasant atmosphere
Answer: B) To eliminate pathogens from surfaces

136. Which of the following is considered a reservoir for pathogens?
A) Human body
B) Animals
C) Water
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

137. What type of infection is caused by an organism that is resistant to antibiotic treatment?
A) Nosocomial infection
B) Healthcare-associated infection
C) Antimicrobial-resistant infection
D) Community-acquired infection
Answer: C) Antimicrobial-resistant infection

138. Which personal protective equipment should be worn when handling infectious materials?
A) Sunglasses
B) Gown and gloves
C) Open-toed shoes
D) Regular clothes
Answer: B) Gown and gloves

139. Which practice is NOT recommended for infection control?
A) Using the same needle for multiple patients
B) Regular hand washing
C) Disinfecting surfaces regularly
D) Proper waste disposal
Answer: A) Using the same needle for multiple patients

140. The term ‘immunocompromised’ refers to individuals who:
A) Have a strong immune system
B) Are at increased risk of infections
C) Have never been vaccinated
D) Have never been hospitalized
Answer: B) Are at increased risk of infections

141. Which of the following infections requires droplet precautions?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Measles
C) Mumps
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Mumps

142. The effectiveness of a vaccine is primarily measured by its ability to:
A) Treat existing infections
B) Prevent disease
C) Reduce costs
D) Enhance symptoms
Answer: B) Prevent disease

143. The primary purpose of infection control policies in healthcare settings is to:
A) Standardize treatment protocols
B) Reduce the incidence of infections
C) Improve hospital aesthetics
D) Increase the number of patients
Answer: B) Reduce the incidence of infections

144. What is the main risk factor for the spread of healthcare-associated infections?
A) Increased handwashing
B) Invasive procedures
C) Isolation practices
D) Proper staff training
Answer: B) Invasive procedures

145. Which of the following statements about surgical site infections is FALSE?
A) They occur after surgery in the area where the surgery took place.
B) They can lead to increased hospital stays and costs.
C) They are not affected by the patient’s overall health.
D) They can be prevented by maintaining aseptic technique.
Answer: C) They are not affected by the patient’s overall health.

146. Which of the following is a critical element in the management of an outbreak?
A) Isolation of all staff
B) Immediate reporting and investigation
C) Ignoring mild cases
D) Limiting patient care
Answer: B) Immediate reporting and investigation

147. What is the purpose of using a sterilization indicator?
A) To indicate cleanliness
B) To confirm the effectiveness of the sterilization process
C) To measure temperature
D) To record time
Answer: B) To confirm the effectiveness of the sterilization process

148. Which of the following infections can be prevented through vaccination?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Chickenpox
C) Influenza
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

149. The term ‘pathogen’ refers to:
A) Any substance that is harmful
B) A type of medication
C) An organism that causes disease
D) A vaccine
Answer: C) An organism that causes disease

150. The primary mode of transmission for the common cold is:
A) Vector-borne
B) Airborne
C) Direct contact
D) Droplet
Answer: D) Droplet

151. Which of the following is NOT a part of the infection control protocol in a healthcare setting?
A) Routine hand hygiene
B) Isolation of all patients
C) Environmental cleaning
D) Safe handling of sharps
Answer: B) Isolation of all patients

152. The best way to prevent the spread of influenza in a healthcare setting is to:
A) Provide tissues to patients
B) Encourage hand hygiene and vaccination
C) Limit patient interactions
D) Increase the use of antibiotics
Answer: B) Encourage hand hygiene and vaccination

153. Which of the following is a common practice for cleaning surfaces in healthcare?
A) Using water only
B) Using disinfectants according to protocols
C) Wiping with a dry cloth
D) Ignoring cleaning if the surface looks clean
Answer: B) Using disinfectants according to protocols

154. Which type of infection can occur from unsterile medical equipment?
A) Community-acquired
B) Healthcare-associated
C) Foodborne
D) Vector-borne
Answer: B) Healthcare-associated

155. Which of the following infections is NOT commonly associated with healthcare settings?
A) Clostridium difficile
B) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
C) Common cold
D) Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
Answer: C) Common cold

156. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings?
A) Vaccination
B) Hand hygiene
C) Wearing masks
D) Isolating patients
Answer: B) Hand hygiene

157. What type of infection is characterized by bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics?
A) Viral infection
B) Nosocomial infection
C) Multidrug-resistant infection
D) Opportunistic infection
Answer: C) Multidrug-resistant infection

158. Which of the following factors increases the risk of healthcare-associated infections?
A) Proper hand hygiene
B) Prolonged hospital stays
C) Use of single-use equipment
D) Patient education
Answer: B) Prolonged hospital stays

159. The use of which PPE is most critical when there is a risk of splashes of blood or body fluids?
A) Gown
B) Gloves
C) Face shield or goggles
D) Hairnet
Answer: C) Face shield or goggles

160. The presence of which of the following in a healthcare facility can indicate a possible outbreak?
A) Decreased patient turnover
B) An increase in the number of patients with similar symptoms
C) Increased staff training sessions
D) Routine patient check-ups
Answer: B) An increase in the number of patients with similar symptoms

161. Which of the following best describes the role of an infection control nurse?
A) To treat infections directly
B) To oversee infection control policies and educate staff
C) To manage hospital finances
D) To provide direct patient care
Answer: B) To oversee infection control policies and educate staff

162. The use of soap and water is recommended when:
A) Hands are visibly dirty
B) Only using hand sanitizers
C) After contact with non-contaminated surfaces
D) Only during surgery
Answer: A) Hands are visibly dirty

163. Which of the following is NOT a common route of transmission for infectious agents?
A) Direct contact
B) Ingestion
C) Chemical exposure
D) Airborne
Answer: C) Chemical exposure

164. The process of ensuring that medical instruments are free from all forms of life is known as:
A) Disinfection
B) Sanitization
C) Sterilization
D) Aseptic technique
Answer: C) Sterilization

165. The primary objective of implementing infection control measures is to:
A) Reduce hospital costs
B) Prevent the occurrence and spread of infections
C) Limit the number of healthcare workers
D) Increase patient turnover
Answer: B) Prevent the occurrence and spread of infections

166. Which of the following infections is commonly transmitted through contaminated food?
A) Hepatitis B
B) Hepatitis A
C) Tuberculosis
D) Influenza
Answer: B) Hepatitis A

167. The best practice for disposing of sharps is to:
A) Throw them in the regular trash
B) Use a designated sharps container
C) Recycle them
D) Leave them in the patient’s room
Answer: B) Use a designated sharps container

168. What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection?
A) Fever
B) Nausea
C) Painful urination
D) Coughing
Answer: C) Painful urination

169. The term ‘viral shedding’ refers to:
A) The release of viruses from an infected person
B) The elimination of viruses from the body
C) The transmission of viruses through food
D) The infection of healthy cells
Answer: A) The release of viruses from an infected person

170. Which of the following is an effective method for managing outbreaks in healthcare settings?
A) Ignoring minor cases
B) Strict monitoring and reporting of cases
C) Limiting patient education
D) Reducing staff presence
Answer: B) Strict monitoring and reporting of cases

171. What is the purpose of a vaccination program?
A) To treat infections
B) To enhance immunity against specific diseases
C) To diagnose infections
D) To promote antibiotic use
Answer: B) To enhance immunity against specific diseases

172. Which type of infection control is primarily used in a neonatal intensive care unit?
A) Standard precautions
B) Contact precautions
C) Airborne precautions
D) Protective isolation
Answer: D) Protective isolation

173. What is the term for the process of cleaning surfaces to remove dirt and germs?
A) Disinfection
B) Sterilization
C) Sanitization
D) Isolation
Answer: C) Sanitization

174. Which of the following infections can be transmitted through droplets during coughing or sneezing?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Hepatitis C
C) Chickenpox
D) HIV
Answer: A) Tuberculosis

175. Which of the following is a recommended practice for preventing surgical site infections?
A) Using sterile instruments and materials
B) Performing surgery in a non-sterile environment
C) Ignoring hand hygiene
D) Using expired surgical materials
Answer: A) Using sterile instruments and materials

176. Which of the following organisms is most commonly associated with healthcare-associated infections?
A) Salmonella
B) E. coli
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Influenza virus
Answer: C) Staphylococcus aureus

177. The most effective way to stop the spread of infection is to:
A) Treat all infected patients aggressively
B) Use antibiotics for all patients
C) Implement strict infection control measures
D) Isolate all patients with infections
Answer: C) Implement strict infection control measures

178. Which of the following is NOT a sign of an infection?
A) Pain
B) Swelling
C) Fever
D) Weight gain
Answer: D) Weight gain

179. What type of precaution is required for patients diagnosed with influenza?
A) Contact precautions
B) Droplet precautions
C) Airborne precautions
D) Standard precautions
Answer: B) Droplet precautions

180. What is the purpose of an infection control policy in a healthcare facility?
A) To minimize the cost of treatments
B) To prevent and control infections among patients and staff
C) To limit the number of patients
D) To reduce the workload of healthcare providers
Answer: B) To prevent and control infections among patients and staff

181. The primary function of the skin in infection prevention is to:
A) Provide a barrier to pathogens
B) Regulate temperature
C) Produce sweat
D) Absorb nutrients
Answer: A) Provide a barrier to pathogens

182. Which of the following statements regarding hand hygiene is TRUE?
A) Hand sanitizers can replace handwashing if hands are dirty.
B) Handwashing is only necessary after using the restroom.
C) Alcohol-based hand rubs are effective for non-visible dirt.
D) Hand hygiene is optional in healthcare settings.
Answer: C) Alcohol-based hand rubs are effective for non-visible dirt.

183. The primary purpose of contact precautions is to:
A) Prevent transmission through direct or indirect contact
B) Prevent transmission via airborne droplets
C) Isolate all patients
D) Control environmental contamination
Answer: A) Prevent transmission through direct or indirect contact

184. Which of the following is an essential step before performing any invasive procedure?
A) Obtaining informed consent
B) Wearing gloves
C) Washing hands
D) Ignoring patient allergies
Answer: C) Washing hands

185. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Clostridium difficile
C) Escherichia coli
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: B) Clostridium difficile

186. Which of the following infections is a common cause of healthcare-associated pneumonia?
A) Influenza virus
B) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
C) E. coli
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
Answer: B) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

187. Which of the following is a recommended practice to prevent the spread of infections in a community?
A) Regular vaccination programs
B) Isolation of sick individuals from the community
C) Avoiding hand hygiene
D) Reducing staff education on hygiene
Answer: A) Regular vaccination programs

188. What should be done immediately after removing gloves that have been in contact with blood?
A) Dispose of them in regular trash
B) Wash hands immediately
C) Reuse them if they appear clean
D) Store them for later use
Answer: B) Wash hands immediately

189. Which of the following pathogens can be transmitted via contaminated needles?
A) HIV
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

190. The correct order for donning PPE is:
A) Gown, mask, gloves
B) Mask, gloves, gown
C) Gloves, gown, mask
D) Gown, gloves, mask
Answer: A) Gown, mask, gloves

191. Which of the following is an example of a fomite?
A) A mosquito
B) A doorknob
C) Airborne droplets
D) Water
Answer: B) A doorknob

192. The primary purpose of a disinfectant is to:
A) Kill all microorganisms
B) Reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms
C) Clean visible dirt
D) Sterilize medical instruments
Answer: B) Reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms

193. Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of inflammation?
A) Redness
B) Warmth
C) Increased mobility
D) Swelling
Answer: C) Increased mobility

194. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the spread of respiratory infections?
A) Avoiding contact with sick individuals
B) Vaccination against respiratory viruses
C) Hand hygiene
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

195. Which of the following diseases is primarily spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids?
A) Influenza
B) Norovirus
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Tuberculosis
Answer: C) HIV/AIDS

196. In the context of infection control, what does ‘decontamination’ involve?
A) Cleaning to remove contaminants
B) Disposing of contaminated materials
C) Reusing instruments after cleaning
D) Ignoring safety protocols
Answer: A) Cleaning to remove contaminants

197. What is the function of a biohazard label?
A) To indicate sterile conditions
B) To identify hazardous materials
C) To mark non-contaminated areas
D) To enhance aesthetics
Answer: B) To identify hazardous materials

198. The most effective way to reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infections is:
A) Using antibiotics regularly
B) Implementing evidence-based infection control practices
C) Limiting patient visits
D) Using disposable equipment
Answer: B) Implementing evidence-based infection control practices

199. Which of the following is a common route for transmitting hepatitis B?
A) Airborne
B) Vector-borne
C) Bloodborne
D) Waterborne
Answer: C) Bloodborne

200. Which of the following practices should be followed when handling food in healthcare settings?
A) Keeping food at room temperature
B) Using hands to serve food
C) Ensuring proper cooking and storage
D) Ignoring hygiene protocols
Answer: C) Ensuring proper cooking and storage

201. Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective infection control program?
A) Limited staff training
B) Regular audits and monitoring
C) Isolating all patients
D) Disregarding hygiene protocols
Answer: B) Regular audits and monitoring

202. The term ‘vaccine’ refers to:
A) A treatment for existing infections
B) A substance that stimulates the immune response to prevent disease
C) A method of cleaning medical equipment
D) A surgical procedure
Answer: B) A substance that stimulates the immune response to prevent disease

203. Which infection control measure is essential during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness?
A) Increased hand hygiene and sanitization
B) Limiting the number of patients
C) Using antibiotics for all patients
D) Disregarding food safety practices
Answer: A) Increased hand hygiene and sanitization

204. Which of the following is a primary component of infection prevention in surgical settings?
A) Prolonged surgery duration
B) Maintaining sterile technique
C) Ignoring hand hygiene
D) Using contaminated instruments
Answer: B) Maintaining sterile technique

205. Which of the following infections is caused by a parasite?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Malaria
C) Hepatitis B
D) Strep throat
Answer: B) Malaria

206. Which of the following is NOT a reason for using personal protective equipment (PPE)?
A) Protecting the healthcare worker
B) Preventing contamination of the environment
C) Enhancing comfort for the patient
D) Reducing the risk of transmission
Answer: C) Enhancing comfort for the patient

207. What does the acronym MRSA stand for?
A) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
B) Multi-Resistant Streptococcus aureus
C) Mycobacterium Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
D) Methicillin-Responsive Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: A) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

208. Which of the following measures is crucial during an outbreak of infectious disease?
A) Increasing healthcare costs
B) Limiting staff education
C) Rapid identification and reporting of cases
D) Ignoring patient symptoms
Answer: C) Rapid identification and reporting of cases

209. In infection prevention, the ‘one health’ approach emphasizes the link between:
A) Human health, animal health, and environmental health
B) Hospital management and patient care
C) Financial resources and health outcomes
D) Community health and mental health
Answer: A) Human health, animal health, and environmental health

210. What is the recommended procedure for cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood?
A) Wipe with a dry cloth
B) Use soap and water only
C) Disinfect with an appropriate solution after cleaning
D) Ignore cleaning if the area appears dry
Answer: C) Disinfect with an appropriate solution after cleaning

211. Which of the following is a common cause of surgical site infections?
A) Contaminated surgical instruments
B) Proper skin preparation
C) Use of sterile gloves
D) Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Answer: A) Contaminated surgical instruments

212. The purpose of a ‘control chart’ in infection control is to:
A) Monitor and track infection rates over time
B) Educate patients about infections
C) Manage staff schedules
D) Determine hospital budgets
Answer: A) Monitor and track infection rates over time

213. Which of the following is a common vector for transmitting Lyme disease?
A) Mosquito
B) Tick
C) Flea
D) Fly
Answer: B) Tick

214. What is the most effective way to manage an outbreak of a contagious disease?
A) Quarantine affected individuals
B) Ignore the outbreak
C) Increase visitation in hospitals
D) Close all hospitals
Answer: A) Quarantine affected individuals

215. Which of the following PPE is specifically used to protect against airborne pathogens?
A) Surgical mask
B) N95 respirator
C) Face shield
D) Gown
Answer: B) N95 respirator

216. The primary objective of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) infection control guidelines is to:
A) Increase healthcare costs
B) Ensure equitable access to healthcare
C) Prevent and control infections globally
D) Promote the use of antibiotics
Answer: C) Prevent and control infections globally

217. Which of the following is NOT a component of standard precautions?
A) Hand hygiene
B) Use of gloves
C) Mandatory vaccinations for staff
D) Environmental cleaning
Answer: C) Mandatory vaccinations for staff

218. Which healthcare-associated infection is often linked to the use of catheters?
A) Surgical site infections
B) Urinary tract infections
C) Bloodstream infections
D) Gastrointestinal infections
Answer: B) Urinary tract infections

219. What is the term for the process of identifying, reporting, and investigating infectious disease outbreaks?
A) Surveillance
B) Quarantine
C) Containment
D) Isolation
Answer: A) Surveillance

220. Which of the following diseases requires contact precautions?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
C) Chickenpox
D) Influenza
Answer: B) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

221. The most effective hand hygiene method when soap and water are not available is:
A) Using hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol
B) Rubbing hands with a dry cloth
C) Using lotion
D) Using a damp paper towel
Answer: A) Using hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol

222. Which of the following can be a fomite in the healthcare setting?
A) A mosquito
B) A stethoscope
C) Airborne droplets
D) Contaminated food
Answer: B) A stethoscope

223. The main goal of vaccination programs in communities is to:
A) Treat existing infections
B) Increase herd immunity
C) Isolate infected individuals
D) Monitor disease outbreaks
Answer: B) Increase herd immunity

224. Which of the following is a primary infection control measure in a surgical setting?
A) Pre-operative skin antisepsis
B) Ignoring hand hygiene
C) Wearing jewelry during surgery
D) Using non-sterile gloves
Answer: A) Pre-operative skin antisepsis

225. What should be done if a healthcare worker experiences a needle stick injury?
A) Apply a bandage and continue working
B) Wash the area immediately and report to a supervisor
C) Ignore it if it doesn’t hurt
D) Wait until the end of the shift to report it
Answer: B) Wash the area immediately and report to a supervisor

226. What is the key factor in preventing the spread of infection in long-term care facilities?
A) Regular hand hygiene
B) Reducing staff interactions
C) Isolating all patients
D) Ignoring minor infections
Answer: A) Regular hand hygiene

227. Which of the following conditions requires the use of airborne precautions?
A) Mumps
B) Influenza
C) Tuberculosis
D) Norovirus
Answer: C) Tuberculosis

228. Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a healthcare-associated infection?
A) Occurs in a patient during or after healthcare
B) Results from exposure to a pathogen in the community
C) Can be preventable
D) May increase hospital stay
Answer: B) Results from exposure to a pathogen in the community

229. The ‘5 Moments for Hand Hygiene’ include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Before patient contact
B) After contact with patient surroundings
C) Before preparing food
D) After exposure to body fluids
Answer: C) Before preparing food

230. Which of the following statements about antibiotics is TRUE?
A) Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
B) Misuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance.
C) Antibiotics can be safely used for all patients without concern.
D) Antibiotics have no side effects.
Answer: B) Misuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance.

231. What type of infection is primarily associated with contaminated water sources?
A) Airborne infection
B) Vector-borne infection
C) Waterborne infection
D) Foodborne infection
Answer: C) Waterborne infection

232. Which of the following is a common sign of infection?
A) Increased energy
B) Pain or discomfort
C) Weight gain
D) Decreased heart rate
Answer: B) Pain or discomfort

233. Which of the following best describes a “nosocomial infection”?
A) An infection acquired in the community
B) An infection contracted in a healthcare setting
C) A viral infection
D) An infection that is not serious
Answer: B) An infection contracted in a healthcare setting

234. Which of the following practices helps to prevent the transmission of pathogens during patient care?
A) Wearing gloves only when dealing with body fluids
B) Performing hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C) Wearing the same gloves for multiple patients
D) Ignoring patient allergies
Answer: B) Performing hand hygiene before and after patient contact

235. The use of which of the following is essential for managing waste in healthcare settings?
A) Plastic bags for all waste
B) Segregation of waste types
C) Open containers for disposal
D) Reusing sharps containers
Answer: B) Segregation of waste types

236. Which of the following is a potential consequence of not following infection control protocols?
A) Improved patient satisfaction
B) Decreased hospital costs
C) Increased incidence of infections
D) Enhanced healthcare outcomes
Answer: C) Increased incidence of infections

237. Which of the following is NOT considered a mode of transmission for infectious diseases?
A) Direct contact
B) Airborne transmission
C) Inhalation of water vapor
D) Indirect contact
Answer: C) Inhalation of water vapor

238. Which of the following measures can help in the prevention of foodborne illnesses?
A) Ignoring food storage guidelines
B) Proper cooking and storage of food
C) Using expired food products
D) Allowing food to sit at room temperature
Answer: B) Proper cooking and storage of food

239. Which of the following is a common preventive measure against healthcare-associated infections?
A) Frequent handwashing
B) Delaying treatment for infections
C) Using the same dressing for multiple patients
D) Limiting patient education on hygiene
Answer: A) Frequent handwashing

240. What does the term “nosocomial” refer to?
A) Infections contracted from animals
B) Infections acquired in healthcare settings
C) Infections that are not serious
D) Infections that spread through water
Answer: B) Infections acquired in healthcare settings

241. What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?
A) Treating infected individuals
B) Implementing effective infection control practices
C) Increasing antibiotic prescriptions
D) Ignoring hygiene protocols
Answer: B) Implementing effective infection control practices

242. Which of the following is an appropriate method for disinfecting surfaces in a healthcare facility?
A) Using plain water
B) Using a bleach solution at the appropriate concentration
C) Wiping with a dry cloth
D) Ignoring cleaning if the area looks clean
Answer: B) Using a bleach solution at the appropriate concentration

243. Which of the following statements about vaccines is TRUE?
A) Vaccines can eliminate all infections.
B) Vaccines provide passive immunity.
C) Vaccines stimulate the immune system to protect against specific diseases.
D) Vaccines are effective against all types of pathogens.
Answer: C) Vaccines stimulate the immune system to protect against specific diseases.

244. Which of the following is a sign of a systemic infection?
A) Localized redness
B) Fever and chills
C) Pain at the site of infection
D) Swelling in one area
Answer: B) Fever and chills

245. The primary purpose of using a surgical mask is to:
A) Protect against allergens
B) Filter airborne pathogens from the respiratory tract
C) Enhance the appearance of the healthcare worker
D) Provide warmth
Answer: B) Filter airborne pathogens from the respiratory tract

246. Which of the following pathogens can cause healthcare-associated infections?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Clostridium difficile
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

247. When should healthcare workers perform hand hygiene?
A) Before and after patient contact
B) After using the restroom
C) Before eating
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

248. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a vector-borne disease?
A) Transmitted by insects
B) Require a human host
C) Examples include malaria and dengue fever
D) Spread through direct contact
Answer: D) Spread through direct contact

249. The use of antibiotics is inappropriate for which of the following infections?
A) Bacterial infections
B) Viral infections
C) Fungal infections
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Viral infections

250. What is the primary role of the infection control committee in a healthcare facility?
A) To treat infections in patients
B) To develop and enforce infection prevention policies
C) To manage patient finances
D) To conduct routine patient assessments
Answer: B) To develop and enforce infection prevention policies