Multiple Choice Questions for Professional Adjustment

A) Adapting to personal changes
B) Adjusting to the responsibilities and challenges of the nursing profession
C) Changing hospitals frequently
D) Avoiding further education
Answer: B) Adjusting to the responsibilities and challenges of the nursing profession

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32. Which ethical principle emphasizes doing good for the patient?
A) Autonomy
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Non-maleficence
Answer: C) Beneficence

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33. Which of the following is an important characteristic of reflective practice in nursing?
A) Ignoring patient feedback
B) Continuous self-assessment and learning from experiences
C) Avoiding discussions about mistakes
D) Focusing only on patient outcomes
Answer: B) Continuous self-assessment and learning from experiences

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34. The primary role of the Nurse and Midwifery Council in Ghana is to:
A) Implement healthcare policies
B) Regulate nursing education and practice standards
C) Manage hospital finances
D) Train patients on self-care
Answer: B) Regulate nursing education and practice standards

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35. What is the purpose of the “Nurses’ Pledge”?
A) To serve as a professional oath for nurses
B) To outline financial incentives for nurses
C) To regulate nurse-patient relationships
D) To enhance communication among staff
Answer: A) To serve as a professional oath for nurses

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36. In nursing, the principle of “confidentiality” ensures that:
A) Patient information is shared only with authorized personnel
B) Patient information is made public
C) Nurses can disclose patient information without consent
D) Patients have no rights to their medical records
Answer: A) Patient information is shared only with authorized personnel

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37. The role of a nurse as a patient advocate involves:
A) Promoting patient rights and safety
B) Making decisions for the patient without consultation
C) Avoiding conflict with the healthcare team
D) Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: A) Promoting patient rights and safety

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38. According to the Nursing Code of Conduct, nurses must:
A) Follow only doctors’ orders
B) Provide care that meets ethical and professional standards
C) Prioritize administrative duties over patient care
D) Perform procedures without patient consent
Answer: B) Provide care that meets ethical and professional standards

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39. The term “autonomy” in nursing refers to:
A) Patients making decisions about their own care
B) Nurses making decisions without patient input
C) Ignoring patient preferences
D) Making decisions for the patient
Answer: A) Patients making decisions about their own care

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40. Which of the following is part of a nurse’s role in maintaining quality assurance in patient care?
A) Assessing and improving the quality of nursing care
B) Reducing patient interaction
C) Limiting the use of patient records
D) Ignoring hospital policies
Answer: A) Assessing and improving the quality of nursing care

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41. Which of the following factors contributes to the professionalism of nursing?
A) High salaries
B) Adherence to ethical standards and continued education
C) Minimal interaction with patients
D) Focus only on physical care
Answer: B) Adherence to ethical standards and continued education

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42. The purpose of the Health Professions Regulatory Bodies Act is to:
A) Provide nurses with financial support
B) Regulate and control the professional standards of healthcare workers in Ghana
C) Limit nurses’ rights
D) Oversee hospital management
Answer: B) Regulate and control the professional standards of healthcare workers in Ghana

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43. The nursing theory that focuses on the individual’s ability to perform self-care is:
A) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
B) Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring
C) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
D) Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
Answer: C) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory

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44. Which of the following best describes a nurse’s duty of care?
A) Providing patient care according to standards and best practices
B) Making decisions without regard for patient preferences
C) Prioritizing administrative duties
D) Avoiding difficult patients
Answer: A) Providing patient care according to standards and best practices

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45. The “Patients’ Charter” is important because it:
A) Outlines nurses’ roles and responsibilities
B) Provides patients with a clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities
C) Regulates hospital administration
D) Focuses on healthcare financing
Answer: B) Provides patients with a clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities

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46. A nurse can demonstrate professionalism by:
A) Ignoring hospital policies
B) Continuing education and adhering to ethical standards
C) Focusing on financial gain
D) Prioritizing personal needs over patient care
Answer: B) Continuing education and adhering to ethical standards

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47. The principle of “justice” in nursing refers to:
A) Ensuring fairness and equity in patient care
B) Focusing on the patient’s financial status
C) Making decisions without consulting the patient
D) Treating all patients the same, regardless of their needs
Answer: A) Ensuring fairness and equity in patient care

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48. Nurses are ethically responsible for:
A) Sharing patient information on social media
B) Maintaining confidentiality and respecting patient privacy
C) Ignoring patient rights
D) Prioritizing hospital management’s demands over patient care
Answer: B) Maintaining confidentiality and respecting patient privacy

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49. The role of the nurse in “informed consent” includes:
A) Explaining procedures and ensuring that the patient fully understands the risks and benefits
B) Making decisions for the patient without explanation
C) Telling the patient what to do
D) Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: A) Explaining procedures and ensuring that the patient fully understands the risks and benefits

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50. A key element of professionalism in nursing is:
A) Adhering to the Code of Ethics and providing safe, compassionate care
B) Ignoring ethical standards in challenging situations
C) Refusing to collaborate with other healthcare professionals
D) Limiting communication with patients
Answer: A) Adhering to the Code of Ethics and providing safe, compassionate care

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51. The principle of non-maleficence means:
A) Doing no harm to the patient
B) Providing financial advice
C) Administering medication without consent
D) Prioritizing administrative duties
Answer: A) Doing no harm to the patient

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52. What is one of the main purposes of nursing associations like the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
A) To regulate nursing practice in specific countries
B) To promote and advocate for the interests of nurses globally
C) To manage hospital operations
D) To set financial standards for nurses
Answer: B) To promote and advocate for the interests of nurses globally

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53. The term “accountability” in nursing practice means:
A) The nurse is responsible for their actions and decisions in patient care
B) The nurse is only responsible for their supervisor’s actions
C) Nurses are not held responsible for patient outcomes
D) Accountability is optional in nursing practice
Answer: A) The nurse is responsible for their actions and decisions in patient care

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54. Which of the following best describes the concept of “patient-centered care”?
A) Focusing on the nurse’s personal preferences
B) Prioritizing the needs and preferences of the patient
C) Ignoring the patient’s input
D) Making decisions based solely on hospital policy
Answer: B) Prioritizing the needs and preferences of the patient

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55. The nurse’s role in maintaining patient safety includes:
A) Ensuring accurate administration of medications
B) Focusing only on administrative duties
C) Ignoring patient reports of discomfort
D) Making decisions without consulting the patient
Answer: A) Ensuring accurate administration of medications

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56. Which ethical principle refers to the nurse’s obligation to be honest with the patient?
A) Fidelity
B) Beneficence
C) Veracity
D) Autonomy
Answer: C) Veracity

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57. Nurses can improve their professional practice through:
A) Continuous learning and professional development
B) Ignoring feedback from peers
C) Limiting communication with patients
D) Focusing only on technical skills
Answer: A) Continuous learning and professional development

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58. The primary goal of a nurse’s professional development plan is to:
A) Improve patient care and advance their skills and knowledge
B) Achieve financial benefits
C) Reduce the workload
D) Focus on administrative tasks
Answer: A) Improve patient care and advance their skills and knowledge

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59. The Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA) primarily functions to:
A) Advocate for nurses’ rights and professional development
B) Regulate hospital management
C) Implement healthcare policies
D) Provide medical equipment
Answer: A) Advocate for nurses’ rights and professional development

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60. The importance of the nurse’s role in healthcare ethics is to:
A) Protect patient rights, promote patient well-being, and ensure ethical decision-making
B) Focus on hospital administration
C) Neglect patient preferences
D) Prioritize financial considerations over patient care
Answer: A) Protect patient rights, promote patient well-being, and ensure ethical decision-making

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61. The term “fidelity” in nursing ethics refers to:
A) Being loyal and keeping promises made to the patient
B) Providing only physical care
C) Prioritizing the hospital’s needs over patient care
D) Administering medication without patient consent
Answer: A) Being loyal and keeping promises made to the patient

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62. Which of the following is a key function of the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
A) Establishing global nursing standards
B) Regulating local nursing practice
C) Promoting the use of technology in hospitals
D) Managing hospital budgets
Answer: A) Establishing global nursing standards

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63. The Ghana Health Professions Regulatory Bodies Act ensures that:
A) Nurses receive bonuses for extra shifts
B) Nurses are held accountable for their practice
C) Nurses have unrestricted autonomy in decision-making
D) Nurses can avoid professional misconduct
Answer: B) Nurses are held accountable for their practice

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64. Professionalism in nursing can best be demonstrated by:
A) Adhering to ethical standards, maintaining competence, and providing quality care
B) Limiting interactions with patients
C) Ignoring hospital policies
D) Focusing solely on technical skills
Answer: A) Adhering to ethical standards, maintaining competence, and providing quality care

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65. The ethical principle of “justice” in nursing practice requires that:
A) Care is provided equally to all patients regardless of their circumstances
B) Patients are treated based on financial status
C) Resources are allocated to patients with the most financial resources
D) Care is prioritized for certain individuals
Answer: A) Care is provided equally to all patients regardless of their circumstances

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66. What does the term “autonomy” mean in the context of patient care?
A) Patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own care
B) Nurses have complete control over patient decisions
C) Patients must follow nurse recommendations without question
D) Nurses can act independently without patient consent
Answer: A) Patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own care

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67. Which of the following is part of a nurse’s professional responsibility?
A) Ignoring professional development
B) Adhering to the code of ethics and ensuring patient safety
C) Focusing on administrative tasks only
D) Limiting patient interaction
Answer: B) Adhering to the code of ethics and ensuring patient safety

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68. In the context of patient care, informed consent means:
A) The patient understands the treatment and voluntarily agrees to it
B) The patient is forced to accept treatment
C) Consent is obtained from the patient’s family without explanation
D) The nurse can perform any procedure without patient approval
Answer: A) The patient understands the treatment and voluntarily agrees to it

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69. What is the key element of the nurse’s role in patient advocacy?
A) Ignoring patient preferences
B) Ensuring that the patient’s rights and preferences are respected and upheld
C) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
D) Limiting patient interaction to reduce workload
Answer: B) Ensuring that the patient’s rights and preferences are respected and upheld

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70. The primary function of the Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA) is to:
A) Promote professional development and advocate for nurses’ rights
B) Manage hospital operations
C) Oversee hospital budgets
D) Train patients on self-care
Answer: A) Promote professional development and advocate for nurses’ rights

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71. Which of the following is a key characteristic of reflective practice in nursing?
A) Avoiding feedback from colleagues
B) Continuous self-assessment and improvement based on experiences
C) Ignoring mistakes made in patient care
D) Focusing only on theoretical knowledge
Answer: B) Continuous self-assessment and improvement based on experiences

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72. The principle of “beneficence” in nursing refers to:
A) Doing good for the patient and promoting their well-being
B) Avoiding patient care responsibilities
C) Prioritizing personal benefits over patient care
D) Limiting patient interaction
Answer: A) Doing good for the patient and promoting their well-being

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73. A nurse’s duty of confidentiality involves:
A) Sharing patient information only with authorized personnel
B) Discussing patient details in public places
C) Sharing patient information with family members without consent
D) Posting patient records on social media
Answer: A) Sharing patient information only with authorized personnel

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74. Which nursing theorist is known for the Environmental Theory, emphasizing the role of environment in patient recovery?
A) Jean Watson
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Virginia Henderson
D) Dorothea Orem
Answer: B) Florence Nightingale

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75. The ethical principle of “non-maleficence” refers to the obligation to:
A) Ensure patient autonomy
B) Do no harm to the patient
C) Prioritize financial incentives
D) Avoid patient contact
Answer: B) Do no harm to the patient

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76. What is one of the main purposes of nursing ethics?
A) To provide nurses with financial benefits
B) To guide nurses in making ethical decisions and providing safe, compassionate care
C) To control patient outcomes
D) To limit nurse autonomy
Answer: B) To guide nurses in making ethical decisions and providing safe, compassionate care

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77. The term “accountability” in nursing practice refers to:
A) Nurses being responsible for their actions and patient outcomes
B) Nurses delegating all responsibilities to other staff
C) Avoiding responsibility for patient care decisions
D) Focusing on administrative tasks only
Answer: A) Nurses being responsible for their actions and patient outcomes

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78. The principle of “veracity” in nursing means:
A) Nurses must always be truthful with patients
B) Nurses can withhold information from patients
C) Patients should only be told partial truths
D) Patients do not need to know the full details of their care
Answer: A) Nurses must always be truthful with patients

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79. Which of the following best describes the role of continuing professional education in nursing?
A) To help nurses maintain and enhance their skills and knowledge for improved patient care
B) To limit nurses’ professional growth
C) To focus on financial incentives
D) To avoid changes in nursing practice
Answer: A) To help nurses maintain and enhance their skills and knowledge for improved patient care

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80. The concept of “patient-centered care” involves:
A) Making decisions based on the nurse’s preferences
B) Prioritizing the patient’s needs, values, and preferences in the decision-making process
C) Focusing only on hospital policies
D) Ignoring patient input
Answer: B) Prioritizing the patient’s needs, values, and preferences in the decision-making process

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81. Which of the following is NOT a core value in the nursing profession?
A) Integrity
B) Compassion
C) Professionalism
D) Disregard for patient privacy
Answer: D) Disregard for patient privacy

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82. The Ghana Nursing and Midwifery Council’s main role is to:
A) Set policies for hospital management
B) Regulate nursing education, standards, and practice
C) Provide financial assistance to nurses
D) Manage patient care
Answer: B) Regulate nursing education, standards, and practice

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83. What is the importance of maintaining professional boundaries in nursing practice?
A) To prevent the nurse from forming close relationships with colleagues
B) To ensure ethical, safe, and therapeutic relationships with patients
C) To limit communication between nurses and patients
D) To avoid patient interaction
Answer: B) To ensure ethical, safe, and therapeutic relationships with patients

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84. What is one of the responsibilities of a nurse in end-of-life care?
A) Ignoring the patient’s wishes
B) Providing compassionate, patient-centered care and respecting the patient’s decisions
C) Making decisions without consulting the patient or family
D) Avoiding discussions about death
Answer: B) Providing compassionate, patient-centered care and respecting the patient’s decisions

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85. The nursing theory that emphasizes human caring and empathy as central to nursing practice is:
A) Virginia Henderson’s Needs Theory
B) Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
C) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
D) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
Answer: B) Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring

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86. In nursing practice, “accountability” means that nurses:
A) Are only responsible for their own tasks
B) Are responsible for their actions and decisions, even when delegated
C) Can avoid responsibility when delegating tasks
D) Are not responsible for patient outcomes
Answer: B) Are responsible for their actions and decisions, even when delegated

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87. The role of the hospital chaplain is to:
A) Provide medical treatment
B) Offer spiritual support to patients and their families
C) Conduct medical procedures
D) Manage hospital staff
Answer: B) Offer spiritual support to patients and their families

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88. Which of the following is an example of a nurse demonstrating “advocacy” for a patient?
A) Making decisions without consulting the patient
B) Ensuring that the patient’s rights are respected and their voice is heard in decision-making
C) Limiting the patient’s involvement in their care
D) Ignoring patient complaints
Answer: B) Ensuring that the patient’s rights are respected and their voice is heard in decision-making

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89. A nurse who engages in reflective practice:
A) Avoids thinking about past experiences
B) Analyzes their experiences to improve future care
C) Focuses only on patient outcomes
D) Limits communication with colleagues
Answer: B) Analyzes their experiences to improve future care

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90. The purpose of a nurse adhering to the “Nurses’ Pledge” is to:
A) Ensure professional, ethical, and safe patient care
B) Receive a financial bonus
C) Limit patient interaction
D) Prioritize personal beliefs over patient needs
Answer: A) Ensure professional, ethical, and safe patient care

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91. Which of the following is one of the roles of the Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA)?
A) Manage hospital budgets
B) Promote the professional interests of nurses and midwives
C) Set hospital guidelines for doctors
D) Handle patient grievances
Answer: B) Promote the professional interests of nurses and midwives

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92. The principle of “non-maleficence” in nursing means:
A) Always doing good for the patient
B) Avoiding harm to the patient
C) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
D) Focusing solely on the physical care of the patient
Answer: B) Avoiding harm to the patient

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93. In professional nursing practice, “accountability” refers to:
A) A nurse taking responsibility for their actions and patient outcomes
B) Avoiding responsibility for patient care decisions
C) Delegating tasks without follow-up
D) Limiting communication with patients
Answer: A) A nurse taking responsibility for their actions and patient outcomes

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94. What is the focus of the “Patients’ Charter” in Ghana?
A) Outlining hospital policies for staff
B) Informing patients of their rights and responsibilities
C) Defining the role of hospital administrators
D) Restricting patient care to only emergencies
Answer: B) Informing patients of their rights and responsibilities

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95. One key element of nursing professionalism is:
A) Maintaining patient confidentiality and following ethical guidelines
B) Ignoring patient concerns
C) Limiting communication with healthcare teams
D) Focusing only on administrative tasks
Answer: A) Maintaining patient confidentiality and following ethical guidelines

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96. In the nurse-patient relationship, the nurse’s role in “advocacy” is to:
A) Ensure the patient’s rights and preferences are respected in the care process
B) Make decisions for the patient without their input
C) Prioritize hospital rules over patient needs
D) Ignore patient complaints
Answer: A) Ensure the patient’s rights and preferences are respected in the care process

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97. Which of the following is a key responsibility of a nurse as part of the healthcare team?
A) Working independently without consulting other professionals
B) Collaborating effectively with other healthcare providers
C) Limiting patient interaction to emergencies only
D) Focusing only on the nurse’s personal preferences
Answer: B) Collaborating effectively with other healthcare providers

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98. The ethical principle of “autonomy” means that:
A) The nurse should make decisions for the patient
B) The patient has the right to make informed decisions about their care
C) The hospital administration makes all decisions
D) Nurses can withhold information from the patient
Answer: B) The patient has the right to make informed decisions about their care

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99. Reflective practice in nursing encourages:
A) Nurses to evaluate their experiences to improve future patient care
B) Ignoring feedback from patients and colleagues
C) Limiting self-evaluation
D) Focusing on technical skills only
Answer: A) Nurses to evaluate their experiences to improve future patient care

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100. The ethical concept of “fidelity” in nursing practice refers to:
A) Doing no harm to the patient
B) Maintaining loyalty and keeping promises made to patients
C) Prioritizing financial incentives
D) Limiting nurse-patient interactions
Answer: B) Maintaining loyalty and keeping promises made to patients

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101. Which of the following describes the role of continuing education in nursing?
A) Limiting the nurse’s professional growth
B) Keeping nurses up-to-date with new practices and enhancing their skills
C) Focusing only on clinical procedures
D) Avoiding change in the healthcare system
Answer: B) Keeping nurses up-to-date with new practices and enhancing their skills

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102. What is the primary function of the Nursing and Midwifery Council in Ghana?
A) To regulate nursing and midwifery practice and ensure adherence to professional standards
B) To manage hospital budgets
C) To train hospital staff
D) To regulate patient care
Answer: A) To regulate nursing and midwifery practice and ensure adherence to professional standards

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103. The nurse’s role in patient-centered care involves:
A) Ignoring patient preferences
B) Focusing solely on hospital policies
C) Placing the patient’s needs, values, and preferences at the center of decision-making
D) Making all decisions independently
Answer: C) Placing the patient’s needs, values, and preferences at the center of decision-making

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104. The concept of “veracity” in nursing refers to the nurse’s obligation to:
A) Keep patient information confidential
B) Always tell the truth to patients
C) Limit communication with patients
D) Withhold information to protect the patient from stress
Answer: B) Always tell the truth to patients

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105. One of the main goals of nursing ethics is to:
A) Increase nurses’ financial compensation
B) Guide nurses in making ethical decisions and ensuring safe, compassionate care
C) Limit patient care to emergencies
D) Allow nurses to avoid responsibility for patient care
Answer: B) Guide nurses in making ethical decisions and ensuring safe, compassionate care

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106. Which of the following best defines “informed consent”?
A) The patient gives permission without understanding the procedure
B) The patient is fully informed about the procedure and voluntarily agrees to it
C) The nurse decides what’s best for the patient without explanation
D) Family members make decisions for the patient
Answer: B) The patient is fully informed about the procedure and voluntarily agrees to it

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107. Which nursing theory emphasizes self-care as a central focus of nursing practice?
A) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
B) Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
C) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
D) Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
Answer: C) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory

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108. The principle of “beneficence” in nursing practice is the obligation to:
A) Respect the patient’s right to make decisions
B) Avoid causing harm to the patient
C) Act in the best interest of the patient and promote their well-being
D) Limit care to hospital policies
Answer: C) Act in the best interest of the patient and promote their well-being

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109. Which of the following is a characteristic of professionalism in nursing?
A) Ignoring patient feedback
B) Adhering to ethical standards and maintaining competency
C) Limiting patient care to emergencies
D) Avoiding collaboration with the healthcare team
Answer: B) Adhering to ethical standards and maintaining competency

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110. The legal implication of malpractice in nursing could result in:
A) A patient’s recovery
B) Professional negligence claims and legal consequences
C) Improving nurse-patient relationships
D) Promoting the nurse’s career
Answer: B) Professional negligence claims and legal consequences

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111. Which of the following is a key responsibility of a nurse in maintaining patient safety?
A) Ignoring patient concerns
B) Ensuring proper administration of medications and treatments
C) Limiting communication with the patient’s family
D) Disregarding patient preferences
Answer: B) Ensuring proper administration of medications and treatments

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112. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) plays a key role in:
A) Managing hospitals worldwide
B) Setting global standards for nursing practice and promoting nurses’ rights
C) Training doctors
D) Overseeing hospital budgets
Answer: B) Setting global standards for nursing practice and promoting nurses’ rights

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113. The “Patient’s Charter” in Ghana includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) The right to know the identity of caregivers
B) The right to receive complete information about their condition
C) The right to refuse treatment
D) The right to control hospital management decisions
Answer: D) The right to control hospital management decisions

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114. The nurse’s role in healthcare ethics includes:
A) Protecting patient rights and promoting patient well-being
B) Ignoring patient preferences
C) Focusing solely on administrative duties
D) Limiting patient care to hospital policies
Answer: A) Protecting patient rights and promoting patient well-being

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115. In professional nursing, “accountability” means:
A) The nurse is responsible for their actions and patient outcomes
B) Avoiding responsibility for patient outcomes
C) Passing all responsibility to other healthcare staff
D) Ignoring the results of patient care
Answer: A) The nurse is responsible for their actions and patient outcomes

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116. Which nursing theory focuses on the importance of a supportive environment in patient recovery?
A) Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
B) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
C) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
D) Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
Answer: B) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

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117. A nurse demonstrates “advocacy” by:
A) Making decisions without patient input
B) Ensuring that the patient’s voice is heard and their rights are respected
C) Limiting patient autonomy
D) Focusing on hospital policies instead of patient needs
Answer: B) Ensuring that the patient’s voice is heard and their rights are respected

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118. The ethical principle of “justice” in nursing requires nurses to:
A) Provide care based on financial status
B) Ensure fairness and equal treatment for all patients
C) Focus on the patient’s background before providing care
D) Ignore patient concerns
Answer: B) Ensure fairness and equal treatment for all patients

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119. Reflective practice in nursing helps nurses to:
A) Avoid patient feedback
B) Analyze their experiences to improve future patient care
C) Focus solely on clinical tasks
D) Ignore past mistakes
Answer: B) Analyze their experiences to improve future patient care

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120. The Ghana Health Professions Regulatory Bodies Act primarily ensures:
A) Nurses are compensated for overtime
B) Nurses are held accountable for their professional conduct and practice
C) Nurses can work independently without oversight
D) Nurses can focus on administrative tasks only
Answer: B) Nurses are held accountable for their professional conduct and practice

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121. In nursing practice, “patient confidentiality” means:
A) Sharing patient information only with the patient’s family
B) Keeping patient information private and only sharing with authorized individuals
C) Disclosing patient details to the public
D) Sharing patient records with all healthcare staff
Answer: B) Keeping patient information private and only sharing with authorized individuals

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122. The ethical principle of “autonomy” ensures that patients have the right to:
A) Make informed decisions about their own care
B) Leave decision-making entirely to the nurse
C) Allow family members to make decisions without their input
D) Avoid discussing their care plan with the healthcare team
Answer: A) Make informed decisions about their own care

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123. In Ghana, which regulatory body ensures that nurses follow professional and ethical standards?
A) World Health Organization (WHO)
B) Ghana Health Service
C) Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
D) Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA)
Answer: C) Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)

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124. The primary function of the “Nurses’ Pledge” is to:
A) Provide a legal framework for hospital management
B) Outline the core ethical principles nurses must follow
C) Define salary expectations
D) Limit nurse-patient interactions
Answer: B) Outline the core ethical principles nurses must follow

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125. The principle of “beneficence” in nursing practice refers to:
A) Avoiding patient care to prevent harm
B) Acting in the best interest of the patient to promote their well-being
C) Making decisions without patient consent
D) Ignoring the patient’s preferences
Answer: B) Acting in the best interest of the patient to promote their well-being

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126. Which of the following is an example of maintaining professionalism in nursing?
A) Limiting communication with patients
B) Following ethical guidelines and ensuring patient safety
C) Avoiding collaboration with other healthcare professionals
D) Ignoring patient feedback
Answer: B) Following ethical guidelines and ensuring patient safety

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127. The ethical principle of “non-maleficence” means:
A) Always seeking to benefit the patient
B) Avoiding harm to the patient during care
C) Ensuring patient autonomy is respected
D) Sharing patient information with all healthcare staff
Answer: B) Avoiding harm to the patient during care

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128. A key role of the Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA) is to:
A) Provide patient care
B) Advocate for the rights and interests of nurses and midwives
C) Manage hospital operations
D) Supervise doctors in patient care
Answer: B) Advocate for the rights and interests of nurses and midwives

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129. The ethical principle of “fidelity” in nursing involves:
A) Keeping promises made to the patient and maintaining trust
B) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient needs
C) Ignoring patient complaints
D) Delegating all responsibilities to other healthcare staff
Answer: A) Keeping promises made to the patient and maintaining trust

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130. The “Patients’ Charter” in Ghana focuses on:
A) Healthcare workers’ rights
B) Informing patients of their rights and responsibilities
C) Hospital management’s policies
D) Ensuring all patients receive the same medication
Answer: B) Informing patients of their rights and responsibilities

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131. A nurse demonstrates “accountability” by:
A) Taking full responsibility for their actions and decisions in patient care
B) Ignoring patient concerns
C) Delegating all tasks without oversight
D) Avoiding responsibility for patient outcomes
Answer: A) Taking full responsibility for their actions and decisions in patient care

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132. Which nursing theorist is known for emphasizing the importance of the patient’s environment in their recovery?
A) Dorothea Orem
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Virginia Henderson
D) Betty Neuman
Answer: B) Florence Nightingale

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133. “Veracity” in nursing ethics refers to:
A) Maintaining patient confidentiality
B) Always telling the truth to the patient
C) Limiting communication with the patient
D) Keeping patient information private
Answer: B) Always telling the truth to the patient

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134. Which of the following statements is TRUE about patient advocacy?
A) Advocacy means making decisions for the patient without their input
B) Advocacy involves ensuring that the patient’s rights and voice are respected in their care
C) Advocacy is only necessary in emergency situations
D) Advocacy limits the patient’s ability to make their own decisions
Answer: B) Advocacy involves ensuring that the patient’s rights and voice are respected in their care

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135. Which of the following best describes the role of continuing professional education in nursing?
A) It limits the professional growth of nurses
B) It helps nurses stay current with new knowledge and skills to improve patient care
C) It focuses on administrative duties
D) It prevents changes in the nursing profession
Answer: B) It helps nurses stay current with new knowledge and skills to improve patient care

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136. Informed consent means that:
A) The patient gives permission without understanding the procedure
B) The nurse makes decisions for the patient
C) The patient is fully informed about the risks and benefits of a procedure and voluntarily agrees to it
D) The patient’s family makes decisions without the patient’s involvement
Answer: C) The patient is fully informed about the risks and benefits of a procedure and voluntarily agrees to it

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137. The primary goal of nursing professionalism is to:
A) Limit communication between healthcare teams
B) Provide safe, ethical, and high-quality care to patients
C) Ensure that nurses avoid responsibility
D) Focus only on technical skills
Answer: B) Provide safe, ethical, and high-quality care to patients

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138. Reflective practice in nursing encourages:
A) Ignoring past experiences
B) Continuous self-assessment to improve future care
C) Limiting patient interaction
D) Focusing only on patient outcomes
Answer: B) Continuous self-assessment to improve future care

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139. The concept of “justice” in nursing practice refers to:
A) Ensuring equal and fair treatment for all patients
B) Prioritizing care based on financial resources
C) Making decisions without patient input
D) Focusing on hospital rules over patient care
Answer: A) Ensuring equal and fair treatment for all patients

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140. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) of Ghana primarily:
A) Advocates for patient rights
B) Regulates nursing education and practice to ensure professional standards
C) Manages hospital staff
D) Oversees hospital budgets
Answer: B) Regulates nursing education and practice to ensure professional standards

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141. The nurse’s role in “informed consent” involves:
A) Making decisions for the patient
B) Ensuring that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment
C) Ignoring patient concerns
D) Limiting patient involvement in care decisions
Answer: B) Ensuring that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment

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142. A nurse’s professional responsibility in maintaining patient safety includes:
A) Ensuring proper administration of medications and treatments
B) Avoiding communication with the patient’s family
C) Limiting patient interactions to emergencies
D) Delegating tasks without follow-up
Answer: A) Ensuring proper administration of medications and treatments

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143. In healthcare ethics, the principle of “autonomy” refers to:
A) Allowing the nurse to make decisions for the patient
B) Ensuring that patients can make informed decisions about their own care
C) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient preferences
D) Limiting patient involvement in decision-making
Answer: B) Ensuring that patients can make informed decisions about their own care

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144. Which of the following is a component of professionalism in nursing?
A) Ignoring ethical guidelines
B) Demonstrating compassion, integrity, and commitment to patient safety
C) Limiting communication with healthcare teams
D) Focusing solely on administrative duties
Answer: B) Demonstrating compassion, integrity, and commitment to patient safety

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145. Which of the following best defines “accountability” in nursing?
A) Nurses being held responsible for the outcomes of their decisions and actions
B) Nurses avoiding responsibility for patient care
C) Nurses delegating tasks without oversight
D) Nurses focusing on administrative tasks only
Answer: A) Nurses being held responsible for the outcomes of their decisions and actions

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146. A nurse who follows the principle of “beneficence” ensures that:
A) The patient’s rights are respected
B) The patient’s well-being is prioritized in all care decisions
C) Financial incentives guide care decisions
D) Only physical care is provided
Answer: B) The patient’s well-being is prioritized in all care decisions

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147. The “Patients’ Charter” helps patients understand their:
A) Rights and responsibilities within the healthcare system
B) Role in hospital administration
C) Responsibility to manage healthcare staff
D) Financial responsibilities only
Answer: A) Rights and responsibilities within the healthcare system

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148. The ethical principle of “veracity” requires nurses to:
A) Withhold information to protect the patient from stress
B) Always be truthful and provide accurate information to patients
C) Limit communication with patients
D) Avoid patient interaction during care decisions
Answer: B) Always be truthful and provide accurate information to patients

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149. The concept of “patient-centered care” means:
A) Decisions are made based solely on hospital policies
B) The patient’s preferences, needs, and values are prioritized in their care
C) The nurse makes all decisions for the patient
D) The patient is not involved in care decisions
Answer: B) The patient’s preferences, needs, and values are prioritized in their care

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150. The role of a nurse as a patient advocate is to:
A) Ensure that the patient’s rights and preferences are respected in all care decisions
B) Ignore the patient’s preferences
C) Make decisions for the patient without their input
D) Prioritize hospital policies over patient care
Answer: A) Ensure that the patient’s rights and preferences are respected in all care decisions

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151. Which of the following best describes the role of the hospital chaplain in patient care?
A) To provide spiritual support to patients and families
B) To administer medications
C) To manage patient care plans
D) To make healthcare decisions for patients
Answer: A) To provide spiritual support to patients and families

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152. The concept of “accountability” in nursing involves:
A) Ensuring patients manage their own care
B) Accepting responsibility for the nurse’s own actions and decisions
C) Delegating tasks without overseeing outcomes
D) Limiting nurse-patient communication
Answer: B) Accepting responsibility for the nurse’s own actions and decisions

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153. The principle of “justice” in nursing ensures that:
A) Nurses provide care based on patient financial status
B) Nurses provide fair and equal care to all patients
C) Nurses prioritize hospital policies over patient needs
D) Only specific patients receive equal treatment
Answer: B) Nurses provide fair and equal care to all patients

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154. Which of the following describes the role of nursing associations like the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
A) They manage hospital policies globally
B) They promote nursing standards and advocate for nurses’ rights internationally
C) They regulate hospital finances
D) They oversee medical education
Answer: B) They promote nursing standards and advocate for nurses’ rights internationally

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155. The principle of “non-maleficence” means:
A) Preventing patient harm in the care provided
B) Allowing patients to make uninformed decisions
C) Focusing only on hospital policies
D) Ignoring potential risks in care
Answer: A) Preventing patient harm in the care provided

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156. The nurse’s role in “informed consent” involves:
A) Providing treatment without the patient’s knowledge
B) Explaining all risks and benefits so the patient can make an informed decision
C) Making decisions for the patient without their input
D) Asking the family to make decisions for the patient
Answer: B) Explaining all risks and benefits so the patient can make an informed decision

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157. The “Patients’ Charter” aims to:
A) Limit patient care options
B) Inform patients about their rights and responsibilities
C) Regulate hospital staff only
D) Focus on healthcare policies for doctors
Answer: B) Inform patients about their rights and responsibilities

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158. Which of the following is a key responsibility of a nurse in patient-centered care?
A) Making decisions based on the hospital’s needs
B) Prioritizing the patient’s values and preferences in care decisions
C) Avoiding collaboration with other healthcare professionals
D) Limiting patient involvement in decision-making
Answer: B) Prioritizing the patient’s values and preferences in care decisions

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159. “Fidelity” in nursing practice means:
A) Following the hospital’s financial interests
B) Remaining loyal to patients and keeping promises made
C) Making decisions without patient input
D) Limiting nurse-patient communication
Answer: B) Remaining loyal to patients and keeping promises made

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160. The purpose of continuing professional development in nursing is to:
A) Keep nurses updated with the latest knowledge and skills to improve patient care
B) Limit the nurse’s professional growth
C) Avoid changes in the healthcare system
D) Focus only on administrative duties
Answer: A) Keep nurses updated with the latest knowledge and skills to improve patient care

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161. What is the main purpose of the “Nurses’ Pledge”?
A) To guide nurses in ethical behavior and ensure professional accountability
B) To provide salary guidelines
C) To manage hospital administration
D) To focus on technical skills alone
Answer: A) To guide nurses in ethical behavior and ensure professional accountability

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162. Which nursing theory emphasizes the patient’s environment as a critical factor in recovery?
A) Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
B) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
C) Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
D) Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
Answer: B) Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

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163. The ethical principle of “veracity” ensures that nurses:
A) Are honest and provide truthful information to patients
B) Limit communication to avoid stress
C) Share only partial information with the patient
D) Make decisions without consulting the patient
Answer: A) Are honest and provide truthful information to patients

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164. The term “reflective practice” in nursing refers to:
A) Avoiding past experiences
B) Continuously assessing and learning from experiences to improve care
C) Limiting patient interactions
D) Focusing only on technical skills
Answer: B) Continuously assessing and learning from experiences to improve care

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165. The “accountability” of a nurse includes:
A) Blaming other healthcare workers for mistakes
B) Taking responsibility for their own decisions and actions in patient care
C) Limiting communication with healthcare teams
D) Avoiding responsibility for patient outcomes
Answer: B) Taking responsibility for their own decisions and actions in patient care

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166. “Non-maleficence” refers to:
A) Avoiding unnecessary procedures
B) The ethical principle of doing no harm to the patient
C) Ensuring patient autonomy in decision-making
D) Ignoring patient concerns
Answer: B) The ethical principle of doing no harm to the patient

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167. What is the main goal of patient-centered care?
A) To limit patient involvement in decision-making
B) To prioritize the hospital’s needs over the patient’s preferences
C) To ensure that patient preferences and needs are at the core of care decisions
D) To reduce patient interactions
Answer: C) To ensure that patient preferences and needs are at the core of care decisions

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168. The Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA) focuses on:
A) Providing direct patient care
B) Advocating for the professional development and rights of nurses and midwives
C) Regulating hospital administration
D) Managing patient healthcare plans
Answer: B) Advocating for the professional development and rights of nurses and midwives

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169. A key component of professional adjustment in nursing is:
A) Adapting to the challenges and responsibilities of nursing while maintaining ethical standards
B) Limiting patient care to emergencies only
C) Focusing solely on administrative duties
D) Ignoring changes in the healthcare system
Answer: A) Adapting to the challenges and responsibilities of nursing while maintaining ethical standards

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170. Informed consent in nursing means:
A) The nurse provides treatment without patient input
B) The patient is fully informed about the risks and benefits of a procedure and voluntarily agrees to it
C) The family makes decisions without involving the patient
D) The nurse decides the best treatment without informing the patient
Answer: B) The patient is fully informed about the risks and benefits of a procedure and voluntarily agrees to it

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171. The ethical principle of “justice” requires nurses to:
A) Ensure fairness in the distribution of healthcare resources and treatment
B) Prioritize care based on patient financial status
C) Make decisions based solely on hospital policies
D) Treat patients differently based on their needs
Answer: A) Ensure fairness in the distribution of healthcare resources and treatment

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172. What is one of the main roles of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) of Ghana?
A) To regulate nursing education and practice
B) To manage hospital staff
C) To oversee patient care plans
D) To set financial policies for nurses
Answer: A) To regulate nursing education and practice

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173. In the nursing profession, “fidelity” refers to:
A) The nurse’s duty to provide compassionate care
B) The nurse’s obligation to keep promises and be loyal to the patient
C) Limiting patient communication to emergencies only
D) Focusing only on administrative duties
Answer: B) The nurse’s obligation to keep promises and be loyal to the patient

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174. Reflective practice in nursing encourages:
A) Avoiding feedback from patients
B) Learning from both positive and negative experiences to improve care
C) Limiting professional growth
D) Focusing only on technical skills
Answer: B) Learning from both positive and negative experiences to improve care

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175. A nurse’s role in advocacy involves:
A) Making decisions for the patient without their input
B) Ensuring the patient’s rights and preferences are respected and upheld
C) Limiting communication between the patient and healthcare team
D) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient care
Answer: B) Ensuring the patient’s rights and preferences are respected and upheld

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176. What is the key focus of the “Patients’ Charter”?
A) Hospital management’s rights
B) Informing patients of their rights and responsibilities within the healthcare system
C) Regulating healthcare staff only
D) Setting patient care policies for doctors
Answer: B) Informing patients of their rights and responsibilities within the healthcare system

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177. The ethical principle of “beneficence” requires nurses to:
A) Prioritize the hospital’s financial needs
B) Act in the best interest of the patient to promote their well-being
C) Limit patient care to emergencies
D) Make decisions based solely on hospital rules
Answer: B) Act in the best interest of the patient to promote their well-being

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178. Which of the following best describes a nurse’s professional responsibility?
A) Ignoring ethical guidelines
B) Adhering to ethical standards and maintaining patient safety
C) Focusing only on administrative duties
D) Avoiding collaboration with other healthcare professionals
Answer: B) Adhering to ethical standards and maintaining patient safety

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179. The principle of “veracity” ensures that nurses:
A) Always provide accurate and truthful information to the patient
B) Withhold information to avoid patient stress
C) Make decisions without patient input
D) Limit patient communication
Answer: A) Always provide accurate and truthful information to the patient

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180. Professional adjustment in nursing involves:
A) Avoiding new responsibilities
B) Continuously adapting to the changing demands of the nursing profession while maintaining ethical standards
C) Limiting professional growth to maintain comfort
D) Focusing solely on patient outcomes
Answer: B) Continuously adapting to the changing demands of the nursing profession while maintaining ethical standards

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181. The term “patient advocacy” in nursing means:
A) Avoiding patient involvement in decisions
B) Representing and defending the patient’s rights and preferences in care decisions
C) Allowing only the doctor to decide what’s best for the patient
D) Focusing solely on administrative tasks
Answer: B) Representing and defending the patient’s rights and preferences in care decisions

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182. The ethical principle of “autonomy” requires nurses to:
A) Make decisions for the patient
B) Respect the patient’s right to make their own decisions regarding their care
C) Avoid involving the patient in decision-making
D) Delegate all responsibilities to other healthcare staff
Answer: B) Respect the patient’s right to make their own decisions regarding their care

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183. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) of Ghana is responsible for:
A) Overseeing hospital management
B) Regulating nursing and midwifery education and practice
C) Providing direct patient care
D) Setting hospital budgets
Answer: B) Regulating nursing and midwifery education and practice

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184. “Fidelity” in nursing practice refers to:
A) Ensuring patient autonomy
B) Remaining faithful to the promises made to the patient
C) Avoiding communication with patients
D) Limiting patient care
Answer: B) Remaining faithful to the promises made to the patient

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185. Reflective practice in nursing helps nurses:
A) Focus solely on patient outcomes
B) Continuously evaluate and learn from their experiences to improve care
C) Avoid taking responsibility for their actions
D) Focus only on administrative tasks
Answer: B) Continuously evaluate and learn from their experiences to improve care

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186. The primary purpose of the “Nurses’ Pledge” is to:
A) Set guidelines for hospital administration
B) Provide a code of ethics that guides professional nursing behavior
C) Outline salary expectations for nurses
D) Limit nurse-patient interactions
Answer: B) Provide a code of ethics that guides professional nursing behavior

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187. The principle of “non-maleficence” in nursing means:
A) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient care
B) Ensuring that no harm comes to the patient during care
C) Ignoring patient preferences
D) Making decisions without considering risks
Answer: B) Ensuring that no harm comes to the patient during care

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188. What is one key function of the Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA)?
A) To manage hospital finances
B) To advocate for the professional development of nurses and midwives
C) To regulate medical education
D) To provide direct patient care
Answer: B) To advocate for the professional development of nurses and midwives

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189. The ethical principle of “veracity” ensures that nurses:
A) Share patient information with only the hospital administration
B) Always provide truthful and accurate information to patients
C) Limit communication to avoid stress
D) Keep patient information confidential from family members
Answer: B) Always provide truthful and accurate information to patients

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190. Informed consent means that:
A) The nurse provides treatment without the patient’s knowledge
B) The patient fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment
C) The family makes decisions for the patient
D) The nurse decides on the best treatment without consulting the patient
Answer: B) The patient fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment

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191. The principle of “justice” in nursing practice requires nurses to:
A) Prioritize treatment for patients with higher financial status
B) Provide equal and fair treatment to all patients regardless of their background
C) Limit care to patients in critical condition
D) Ignore patient preferences during treatment
Answer: B) Provide equal and fair treatment to all patients regardless of their background

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192. What is the purpose of the “Patients’ Charter”?
A) To inform patients of their rights and responsibilities in healthcare settings
B) To guide nurses in making treatment decisions
C) To outline hospital management policies
D) To prioritize administrative tasks over patient care
Answer: A) To inform patients of their rights and responsibilities in healthcare settings

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193. “Accountability” in nursing refers to:
A) Taking responsibility for the outcomes of the nurse’s actions and decisions
B) Delegating all tasks without oversight
C) Focusing only on technical skills
D) Avoiding responsibility for patient care
Answer: A) Taking responsibility for the outcomes of the nurse’s actions and decisions

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194. The ethical principle of “beneficence” ensures that nurses:
A) Focus on the patient’s well-being and act in their best interest
B) Prioritize the hospital’s needs
C) Make decisions based solely on financial considerations
D) Avoid patient care whenever possible
Answer: A) Focus on the patient’s well-being and act in their best interest

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195. Reflective practice in nursing involves:
A) Limiting patient interactions to emergencies only
B) Learning from past experiences to improve future care and decision-making
C) Ignoring feedback from patients and colleagues
D) Focusing only on technical aspects of nursing
Answer: B) Learning from past experiences to improve future care and decision-making

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196. The term “fidelity” in nursing means:
A) Ensuring patient confidentiality
B) Being loyal to the patient and keeping promises made
C) Making decisions for the patient
D) Limiting patient care to administrative policies
Answer: B) Being loyal to the patient and keeping promises made

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197. The primary goal of continuing professional development in nursing is to:
A) Focus on administrative tasks
B) Maintain and improve the nurse’s skills and knowledge to provide high-quality care
C) Limit the nurse’s professional growth
D) Avoid changes in the nursing profession
Answer: B) Maintain and improve the nurse’s skills and knowledge to provide high-quality care

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198. Which of the following is TRUE about patient-centered care?
A) It focuses only on the hospital’s policies
B) It prioritizes the patient’s values, needs, and preferences in the care process
C) It limits patient involvement in decision-making
D) It focuses solely on administrative duties
Answer: B) It prioritizes the patient’s values, needs, and preferences in the care process

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199. The “Patients’ Charter” provides patients with:
A) Guidelines for managing hospital staff
B) A clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities in the healthcare system
C) Instructions on how to administer their own care
D) Information on how to manage hospital budgets
Answer: B) A clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities in the healthcare system

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200. The ethical principle of “autonomy” means that:
A) Nurses make all decisions for the patient
B) Patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own care
C) The family is responsible for all patient decisions
D) The hospital administration makes all care decisions
Answer: B) Patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own care

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201. Which of the following best describes the role of advocacy in nursing?
A) Ensuring that patient rights and preferences are respected in the decision-making process
B) Avoiding difficult patients
C) Limiting patient involvement in care decisions
D) Prioritizing hospital management over patient needs
Answer: A) Ensuring that patient rights and preferences are respected in the decision-making process

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202. “Non-maleficence” in nursing means:
A) Ensuring patient autonomy in decision-making
B) Preventing harm to the patient
C) Limiting patient involvement in care
D) Prioritizing financial interests over patient safety
Answer: B) Preventing harm to the patient

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203. Accountability in nursing involves:
A) Avoiding responsibility for patient care decisions
B) Taking responsibility for the nurse’s actions and their impact on patient outcomes
C) Ignoring patient preferences
D) Delegating all responsibilities to other staff
Answer: B) Taking responsibility for the nurse’s actions and their impact on patient outcomes

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204. Which of the following is a key element of professionalism in nursing?
A) Ignoring ethical guidelines
B) Providing safe, compassionate, and high-quality care
C) Limiting communication with patients
D) Focusing only on administrative tasks
Answer: B) Providing safe, compassionate, and high-quality care

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205. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) of Ghana is responsible for:
A) Training doctors
B) Regulating nursing education and practice standards
C) Managing hospital budgets
D) Overseeing patient care plans
Answer: B) Regulating nursing education and practice standards

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206. The role of the nurse as a patient advocate includes:
A) Avoiding patient input in care decisions
B) Ensuring the patient’s rights and preferences are respected
C) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
D) Limiting patient care to administrative tasks
Answer: B) Ensuring the patient’s rights and preferences are respected

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207. Which of the following best defines “informed consent”?
A) The patient is forced to agree to treatment without explanation
B) The patient is fully informed about the procedure and voluntarily agrees to it
C) The family makes all decisions for the patient
D) The nurse decides on the best treatment without patient input
Answer: B) The patient is fully informed about the procedure and voluntarily agrees to it

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208. The principle of “beneficence” in nursing practice ensures that nurses:
A) Focus solely on administrative duties
B) Act in the best interest of the patient to promote their well-being
C) Make decisions without consulting the patient
D) Limit patient involvement in care decisions
Answer: B) Act in the best interest of the patient to promote their well-being

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209. The primary purpose of the “Nurses’ Pledge” is to:
A) Set salary expectations
B) Guide nurses in maintaining ethical behavior and professionalism
C) Outline hospital management policies
D) Focus only on technical skills
Answer: B) Guide nurses in maintaining ethical behavior and professionalism

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210. The ethical principle of “veracity” ensures that:
A) Nurses always provide truthful and accurate information to the patient
B) Nurses limit communication to avoid patient stress
C) The nurse makes decisions without patient input
D) The hospital administration shares information with patients
Answer: A) Nurses always provide truthful and accurate information to the patient

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211. The principle of “fidelity” in nursing means:
A) Keeping patient information confidential
B) Remaining faithful to commitments made to patients
C) Allowing the family to make decisions without patient input
D) Limiting the scope of patient care
Answer: B) Remaining faithful to commitments made to patients

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212. The “Patients’ Charter” in Ghana includes which of the following rights for patients?
A) The right to receive complete and accurate information about their condition
B) The right to manage hospital staff
C) The right to limit communication with healthcare providers
D) The right to prioritize financial decisions over care
Answer: A) The right to receive complete and accurate information about their condition

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213. Which of the following is a key component of professionalism in nursing?
A) Ignoring patient feedback
B) Adhering to ethical standards and providing high-quality care
C) Limiting interaction with the healthcare team
D) Avoiding responsibility for patient outcomes
Answer: B) Adhering to ethical standards and providing high-quality care

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214. Informed consent requires the nurse to:
A) Make all treatment decisions without involving the patient
B) Ensure the patient understands the risks and benefits of the procedure
C) Only inform the family about the treatment
D) Avoid discussing treatment details with the patient
Answer: B) Ensure the patient understands the risks and benefits of the procedure

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215. The ethical principle of “non-maleficence” requires nurses to:
A) Act in the patient’s best interest
B) Avoid causing harm to the patient
C) Allow the patient to make uninformed decisions
D) Focus only on the hospital’s interests
Answer: B) Avoid causing harm to the patient

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216. Which of the following is a responsibility of the Ghana Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)?
A) Regulating nursing and midwifery education
B) Managing hospital budgets
C) Providing direct patient care
D) Training hospital administrators
Answer: A) Regulating nursing and midwifery education

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217. What is one of the primary goals of patient advocacy?
A) Allowing the nurse to make all decisions
B) Ensuring the patient’s preferences and rights are respected in care decisions
C) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient care
D) Limiting the patient’s involvement in care
Answer: B) Ensuring the patient’s preferences and rights are respected in care decisions

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218. Reflective practice in nursing encourages:
A) Limiting professional development
B) Continuous learning from experiences to improve patient care
C) Avoiding feedback from patients
D) Focusing only on technical skills
Answer: B) Continuous learning from experiences to improve patient care

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219. The ethical principle of “beneficence” refers to the nurse’s duty to:
A) Prevent harm
B) Do good and act in the patient’s best interest
C) Prioritize financial considerations
D) Make decisions without consulting the patient
Answer: B) Do good and act in the patient’s best interest

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220. The term “accountability” in nursing means:
A) Taking responsibility for the nurse’s actions and patient outcomes
B) Avoiding responsibility for decisions made
C) Limiting patient care to administrative tasks
D) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
Answer: A) Taking responsibility for the nurse’s actions and patient outcomes

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221. What does “veracity” mean in nursing ethics?
A) Ensuring patient autonomy
B) Always being truthful and providing accurate information to the patient
C) Limiting the patient’s involvement in decision-making
D) Making decisions based solely on hospital policies
Answer: B) Always being truthful and providing accurate information to the patient

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222. The main purpose of the “Nurses’ Pledge” is to:
A) Set financial guidelines for nurses
B) Outline the ethical standards that guide nursing practice
C) Provide technical instructions for patient care
D) Define hospital administration policies
Answer: B) Outline the ethical standards that guide nursing practice

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223. The principle of “justice” in nursing practice requires:
A) Providing equal and fair treatment to all patients regardless of background
B) Prioritizing care based on financial resources
C) Focusing only on patients with critical conditions
D) Limiting care to specific groups of patients
Answer: A) Providing equal and fair treatment to all patients regardless of background

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224. The “Patients’ Charter” helps patients understand their:
A) Responsibilities in managing hospital staff
B) Rights and responsibilities in the healthcare system
C) Financial obligations in healthcare
D) Role in hospital administration
Answer: B) Rights and responsibilities in the healthcare system

---

225. A key component of patient-centered care is:
A) Focusing on hospital policies over patient needs
B) Placing the patient’s preferences, values, and needs at the center of care decisions
C) Limiting the patient’s involvement in care
D) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
Answer: B) Placing the patient’s preferences, values, and needs at the center of care decisions

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226. Which nursing theorist is best known for emphasizing human care and compassion as central to nursing?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Virginia Henderson
C) Jean Watson
D) Dorothea Orem
Answer: C) Jean Watson

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227. The primary role of the Ghana Registered Nurses and Midwives Association (GRNMA) is to:
A) Regulate nursing education
B) Advocate for the rights and interests of nurses and midwives
C) Manage hospital operations
D) Oversee patient care decisions
Answer: B) Advocate for the rights and interests of nurses and midwives

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228. In professional nursing, “fidelity” refers to:
A) Remaining loyal to the patient and keeping promises made
B) Allowing the patient to make uninformed decisions
C) Making decisions without consulting the patient
D) Focusing only on administrative duties
Answer: A) Remaining loyal to the patient and keeping promises made

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229. Which of the following is part of a nurse’s role in patient advocacy?
A) Limiting patient involvement in decisions
B) Ensuring the patient’s preferences and rights are respected
C) Making decisions for the patient
D) Focusing on the hospital’s needs over the patient’s needs
Answer: B) Ensuring the patient’s preferences and rights are respected

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230. The ethical principle of “non-maleficence” in nursing practice ensures that:
A) Nurses prevent harm to the patient
B) Nurses act in the hospital’s best interest
C) Nurses limit communication with the patient
D) Nurses make decisions without consulting the patient
Answer: A) Nurses prevent harm to the patient

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231. Informed consent means that the patient:
A) Agrees to treatment without explanation
B) Fully understands the risks and benefits of a procedure before agreeing
C) Leaves all decisions to the healthcare team
D) Is forced to accept treatment
Answer: B) Fully understands the risks and benefits of a procedure before agreeing

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232. The concept of “justice” in nursing practice ensures that nurses:
A) Provide care based on financial status
B) Ensure fairness and equal treatment for all patients
C) Limit patient care to emergencies
D) Avoid patient involvement in decision-making
Answer: B) Ensure fairness and equal treatment for all patients

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233. A key responsibility of the nurse in maintaining patient safety includes:
A) Ensuring proper administration of medications and treatments
B) Limiting patient interactions to emergencies
C) Avoiding communication with the patient’s family
D) Focusing only on administrative tasks
Answer: A) Ensuring proper administration of medications and treatments

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234. What is the role of the nurse in patient-centered care?
A) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
B) Ensuring the patient’s preferences and values guide the care process
C) Limiting patient involvement in their care
D) Focusing on hospital policies over patient needs
Answer: B) Ensuring the patient’s preferences and values guide the care process

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235. Reflective practice in nursing encourages nurses to:
A) Avoid feedback from colleagues
B) Evaluate their experiences and improve future care based on those experiences
C) Focus only on clinical skills
D) Ignore past mistakes
Answer: B) Evaluate their experiences and improve future care based on those experiences

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236. The “Patients’ Charter” helps patients understand:
A) Their rights and responsibilities in the healthcare system
B) How to manage hospital staff
C) The financial aspects of healthcare
D) Hospital management’s policies
Answer: A) Their rights and responsibilities in the healthcare system

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237. Which of the following is NOT part of nursing ethics?
A) Autonomy
B) Veracity
C) Negligence
D) Beneficence
Answer: C) Negligence

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238. Which of the following is an example of the nurse practicing “beneficence”?
A) Ensuring the patient’s well-being by acting in their best interest
B) Ignoring the patient’s concerns
C) Limiting the patient’s involvement in decision-making
D) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient care
Answer: A) Ensuring the patient’s well-being by acting in their best interest

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239. The term “accountability” in nursing refers to:
A) Avoiding responsibility for patient care decisions
B) Taking full responsibility for the nurse’s actions and decisions in patient care
C) Delegating tasks without follow-up
D) Limiting communication with healthcare teams
Answer: B) Taking full responsibility for the nurse’s actions and decisions in patient care

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240. The ethical principle of “veracity” requires nurses to:
A) Always provide accurate and truthful information to patients
B) Limit communication with the patient to avoid stress
C) Make decisions without consulting the patient
D) Share information only with the hospital administration
Answer: A) Always provide accurate and truthful information to patients

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241. Which of the following best describes the nurse’s role in patient advocacy?
A) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
B) Ensuring that the patient’s rights and preferences are respected in care decisions
C) Limiting patient involvement in decision-making
D) Prioritizing hospital policies over patient needs
Answer: B) Ensuring that the patient’s rights and preferences are respected in care decisions

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242. The “Nurses’ Pledge” guides nurses in:
A) Making financial decisions
B) Following ethical principles and providing professional, safe care
C) Focusing on administrative tasks
D) Limiting patient interaction
Answer: B) Following ethical principles and providing professional, safe care

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243. Reflective practice in nursing helps nurses to:
A) Avoid past mistakes by learning from them
B) Limit their professional growth
C) Focus only on patient outcomes
D) Ignore patient feedback
Answer: A) Avoid past mistakes by learning from them

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244. The ethical principle of “autonomy” ensures that the patient:
A) Can make informed decisions about their care
B) Must follow the nurse’s decisions without question
C) Is not involved in the care process
D) Relies entirely on family members for decisions
Answer: A) Can make informed decisions about their care

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245. The “Patients’ Charter” ensures that patients:
A) Manage hospital staff
B) Understand their rights and responsibilities in healthcare settings
C) Have control over hospital administration
D) Are informed only about their financial obligations
Answer: B) Understand their rights and responsibilities in healthcare settings

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246. “Non-maleficence” in nursing ensures that nurses:
A) Avoid causing harm to the patient
B) Make decisions without patient input
C) Limit care to emergencies only
D) Focus on hospital policies over patient care
Answer: A) Avoid causing harm to the patient

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247. Accountability in nursing means that:
A) The nurse is responsible for their actions and patient outcomes
B) The nurse can delegate all tasks without oversight
C) The nurse avoids responsibility for patient care decisions
D) The nurse focuses only on administrative duties
Answer: A) The nurse is responsible for their actions and patient outcomes

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248. The role of the nurse in informed consent is to:
A) Decide the best treatment without consulting the patient
B) Ensure that the patient fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment
C) Avoid providing details about the treatment
D) Ask the family to make all decisions for the patient
Answer: B) Ensure that the patient fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment

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249. “Fidelity” in nursing practice means:
A) Ensuring patient autonomy
B) Maintaining loyalty and keeping promises to the patient
C) Limiting the scope of patient care
D) Avoiding communication with patients
Answer: B) Maintaining loyalty and keeping promises to the patient

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250. Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the nurse in patient-centered care?
A) Ignoring patient preferences
B) Prioritizing the patient’s values, needs, and preferences in care decisions
C) Limiting patient involvement in decision-making
D) Focusing solely on hospital policies
Answer: B) Prioritizing the patient’s values, needs, and preferences in care decisions